DETROIT MAYOR v. ARMS TECH, INC.

• Decision Date: 07 October 2003
• Docket Number: Docket No. 227687,Docket No. 234359,Docket No. 227685,Docket No. 228710,Docket No. 234567.,Docket No. 233688,Docket No. 227686,Docket No. 227669,Docket No. 233689,Docket No. 234263,Docket No. 233906
• Citation: 669 N.W.2d 845,258 Mich. App. 48
• Parties: MAYOR OF DETROIT and City of Detroit, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. ARMS TECHNOLOGY, INC., Beretta USA, Corp., Browning Arms Co., Bryco Arms, Inc., Colt'S Manufacturing Co., Glock, Inc., H & R 1871, Inc., Hi Point Firearms, International Armament, d/b/a Interarm Industries, Kel-Tec, CNC Industries, Inc., O.F. Mossberg & Sons, Inc., Navegar, Inc., d/b/a Intratec USA, Inc., Phoenix Arms, Smith & Wesson Corp., Sturm Ruger & Co., Inc., and Taurus International Manufacturing, Defendants-Appellants, and B.L. Jennings, Cobray Firearms, Davis Industries, FMJ a/k/a Full Metal Jacket, MKS Supply, Inc., Lorcin Engineering Co., Inc., Raven Arms, Inc., Sundance Industries, Inc., S.W. Daniel, Inc., Alexander's Sport Shop, Inc., d/b/a Alexander's Gun Shop & Gun Range, Lloyd Dean V. Parr d/b/a Dean's Gun Shop, Dick's Sporting Goods, Gander Mountain, Gibraltar Trade Center, Joel Silber d/b/a Joel Silber Sporting Goods, Lortz, Ltd. d/b/a Midwest Ordinance, Motor City Sports Car, Ltd., Urbanski's Gun Shop, d/b/a Pago's Gun Shop, Sports Authority MI, Sports Authority, Inc., General Laney d/b/a Laney's Gun & Supplies, and General Laney, Inc., Defendants. Mayor of Detroit and City Of Detroit, Plaintiffs-Appellee, v. MKS Supply, Inc., Defendant-Appellant, and Arms Technology, Inc., Beretta USA, Corp., B.L. Jennings, Browning Arms Co., Bryco Arms, Inc., Cobray Firearms, Colt's Manufacturing Co., Davis Industries, FMJ a/k/a Full Metal Jacket, Glock, Inc., H & R 1871, Inc., Hi Point Firearms, International Armament, d/b/a Interarm Industries, Kel-Tec, CNC Industries, Inc., Lorcin Engineering Co., Inc., O.F. Mossberg & Sons, Inc., Navegar, Inc., d/b/a Intratec USA, Inc., Phoenix Arms, Raven Arms, Inc., Smith & Wesson Corp., Sturm Ruger & Co., Inc., Sundance Industries, Inc., S.W. Daniel, Inc., Taurus International Manufacturing, Alexander's Sport Shop, Inc., d/b/a Alexander's Gun Shop & Gun Range, Lloyd Dean V. Parr d/b/a Dean's Gun Shop, Dick's Sporting Goods, Gander Mountain, Gibraltar Trade Center, Joel Silber d/b/a Joel Silber Sporting Goods, Lortz, Ltd. d/b/a Midwest Ordinance, Motor City Sports Car, Ltd., Urbanski's Gun Shop, d/b/a Pago's Gun Shop, Sports Authority MI, Sports Authority, Inc., General Laney d/b/a Laney's Gun & Supplies, And General Laney, Inc., Defendants. Mayor of Detroit and City of Detroit, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. B.L. Jennings, Defendant-Appellant, and Arms Technology, Inc., Beretta USA, Corp., Browning Arms Co., Bryco Arms, Inc., Cobray Firearms, Colt's Manufacturing Co., Davis Industries, FMJ a/k/a Full Metal Jacket, Glock, Inc., H & R 1871, Inc., MKS Supply, Inc., Hi Point Firearms, International Armament, d/b/a Interarm Industries, Kel-Tec, CNC Industries, Inc., Lorcin Engineering Co., Inc., O.F. Mossberg & Sons, Inc., Navegar, Inc., d/b/a Intratec USA, Inc., Phoenix Arms, Raven Arms, Inc., Smith & Wesson Corp., Sturm Ruger & Co., Inc., Sundance Industries, Inc., S.W. Daniel, Inc., Taurus International Manufacturing, Alexander's Sport Shop, Inc., d/b/a Alexander's Gun Shop & Gun Range, Lloyd Dean V. Parr d/b/a Dean's Gun Shop, Dick's Sporting Goods, Gander Mountain, Gibraltar Trade Center, Joel Silber d/b/a Joel Silber Sporting Goods, Lortz, Ltd. d/b/a Midwest Ordinance, Motor City Sports Car, Ltd., Urbanski's Gun Shop, d/b/a Pago's Gun Shop, Sports Authority MI, Sports Authority, Inc., General Laney d/b/a Laney's Gun & Supplies, and General Laney, Inc., Defendants. Mayor of Detroit and City of Detroit, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. Alexander's Sport Shop, Inc., d/b/a Alexander's Gun Shop & Gun Range, Defendants-Appellants, and Arms Technology, Inc., Beretta USA, Corp., Browning Arms Co., Bryco Arms, Inc., Cobray Firearms, Colt's Manufacturing Co., Davis Industries. FMJ d/b/a Full Metal Jacket, Glock, Inc., H & R 1871, Inc., MKS Supply, Inc., Hi Point Firearms, International Armament d/b/a Inter-Arm Industries, Kel-Tec, CNC Industries, Inc., Lorcin Engineering Co., Inc., O.F. Mossberg & Sons, Inc., Navegar, Inc., d/b/a Intratec USA, Inc., Phoenix Arms, Raven Arms, Inc., Smith & Wesson Corp., Sturm Ruger & Co., Inc., Sundance Industries, Inc., S.W. Daniel, Inc., Taurus International Manufacturing, Alexander's Sport Shop, Inc., d/b/a Alexander's Guns Shop & Gun Range, Lloyd Dean V. Parr d/b/a Dean's Gun Shop, Dick's Sporting Goods, Gander Mountain, Gibraltar Trade Center, Joel Silber d/b/a Joel Silber Sporting Goods, General Laney d/b/a Laney's Gun & Supplies, General Laney, Inc., Lortz, Ltd. d/b/a Midwest Ordnance, Motor City Sports Car, Ltd., Urbanski's Gun Shop, d/b/a Pago's Gun Shop, Sports Authority MI, And Sports Authority, Inc., Defendants. Wayne County Executive, John D. O'Hair, Ricardo Solomon, Edna Bell, Robert Blackwell, Kathleen Husk and County Of Wayne, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. MKS Supply, Inc., Defendant-Appellant, and Arms Technology, Inc., Beretta USA, Corp., Browning Arms Co., Bryco Arms, Inc., Cobray Firearms, Colt's Manufacturing Co., Davis Industries. FMJ d/b/a Full Metal Jacket, Glock, Inc., H & R 1871, Inc., Hi Point Firearms, International Armament d/b/a Inter-Arm Industries, Kel-Tec, CNC Industries, Inc., Lorcin Engineering Co., Inc., O.F. Mossberg & Sons, Inc., Navegar, Inc., d/b/a Intratec USA, Inc., Phoenix Arms, Raven Arms, Inc., Smith & Wesson Corp., Sturm Ruger & Co., Inc., Sundance Industries, Inc., S.W. Daniel, Inc., Taurus International Manufacturing, Alexander's Sport Shop, Inc., d/b/a Alexander's Guns Shop & Gun Range, Lloyd Dean V. Parr d/b/a Dean's Gun Shop, Dick's Sporting Goods, Gander Mountain, Gibraltar Trade Center, Joel Silber d/b/a Joel Silber Sporting Goods, General Laney d/b/a Laney's Gun & Supplies, General Laney, Inc., Lortz, Ltd. d/b/a Midwest Ordnance, Motor City Sports Car, Ltd., Urbanski's Gun Shop, d/b/a Pago's Gun Shop, Sports Authority MI, Sports Authority, Inc., And B.L. Jennings, Inc., Defendants. Wayne County Executive, John D. O'Hair, Ricardo Solomon, Edna Bell, Robert Blackwell, Kathleen Husk and County of Wayne, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. B.L. Jennings, Defendant-Appellant, and Arms Technology, Inc., Beretta USA, Corp., Browning Arms Co., Bryco Arms, Inc., Cobray Firearms, Colt's Manufacturing Co., Davis Industries. FMJ d/b/a Full Metal Jacket, Glock, Inc., H & R 1871, Inc., MKS Supply, Inc., Hi Point Firearms, International Armament d/b/a Inter-Arm Industries, Kel-Tec, CNC Industries, Inc., Lorcin Engineering Co., Inc., O.F. Mossberg & Sons, Inc., Navegar, Inc., d/b/a Intratec USA, Inc., Phoenix Arms, Raven Arms, Inc., Smith & Wesson Corp., Sturm Ruger & Co., Inc., Sundance Industries, Inc., S.W. Daniel, Inc., Taurus International Manufacturing, Alexander's Sport Shop, Inc., d/b/a Alexander's Guns Shop & Gun Range, Lloyd Dean V. Parr d/b/a Dean's Gun Shop, Dick's Sporting Goods, Gander Mountain, Gibraltar Trade Center, Joel Silber d/b/a Joel Silber Sporting Goods, General Laney d/b/a Laney's Gun & Supplies, General Laney, Inc., Lortz, Ltd. d/b/a Midwest Ordnance, Motor City Sports Car, Ltd., Urbanski's Gun Shop, d/b/a Pago's Gun Shop, Sports Authority MI, and Sports Authority, Inc., Defendants. Wayne County Executive, John D. O'Hair, Ricardo Solomon, Edna Bell, Robert Blackwell, Kathleen Husk and County of Wayne, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. Arms Technology, Inc., Beretta USA, Corp., Browning Arms Co., Bryco Arms, Inc. Colt's Manufacturing Co., Glock, Inc., H & R 1871, Inc., Hi Point Firearms, International Armament, d/b/a Interarm Industries, Kel-Tec, CNC Industries, Inc., O.F. Mossberg & Sons, Inc., Navegar, Inc., d/b/a Intratec USA, Inc., Phoenix Arms, Smith & Wesson Corp., Sturm Ruger & Co., Inc., and Taurus International Manufacturing, Defendants-Appellants, and Cobray Firearms, Davis Industries. FMJ d/b/a Full Metal Jacket, MKS Supply, Inc., Lorcin Engineering Co., Inc., Raven Arms, Inc., Sundance Industries, Inc., S.W. Daniel, Inc., Alexander's Sport Shop, Inc., d/b/a Alexander's Guns Shop & Gun Range, Lloyd Dean V. Parr d/b/a Dean's Gun Shop, Dick's Sporting Goods, Gander Mountain, Gibraltar Trade Center, Joel Silber d/b/a Joel Silber Sporting Goods, General Laney d/b/a Laney's Gun & Supplies, General Laney, Inc., Lortz, Ltd. d/b/a Midwest Ordnance, Motor City Sports Car, Ltd., Urbanski's Gun Shop, d/b/a Pago's Gun Shop, Sports Authority MI, Sports Authority, Inc. and B.L. Jennings, Defendants. Wayne County Executive, John D. O'Hair, Ricardo Solomon, Edna Bell, Robert Blackwell, Kathleen Husk and County Of Wayne, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. Alexander's Sport Shop, Inc., d/b/a Alexander's Guns Shop & Gun Range, Defendants-Appellants, and Arms Technology, Inc., Beretta USA, Corp., Browning Arms Co., Bryco Arms, Inc., Cobray Firearms, Colt's Manufacturing Co., Davis Industries. FMJ d/b/a Full Metal Jacket, Glock, Inc., H & R 1871, Inc., MKS Supply, Inc., Hi Point Firearms, International Armament d/b/a Interarm Industries, Kel-Tec, CNC Industries, Inc., Lorcin Engineering Co., Inc., O.F. Mossberg & Sons, Inc., Navegar, Inc., d/b/a Intratec USA, Inc., Phoenix Arms, Raven Arms, Inc., Smith & Wesson Corp., Sturm Ruger & Co., Inc., Sundance Industries, Inc., S.W. Daniel, Inc., Taurus International Manufacturing, Lloyd Dean V. Parr d/b/a Dean's Gun Shop, Dick's Sporting Goods, Gander Mountain, Gibraltar Trade Center, Joel Silber d/b/a Joel Silber Sporting Goods, General Laney d/b/a Laney's Gun & Supplies, General Laney, Inc., Lortz, Ltd. d/b/a Midwest Ordnance, Motor City Sports Car, Ltd., Urbanski's Gun Shop, d/b/a Pago's Gun Shop, Sports Authority MI, Sports Authority, Inc., and B.L. Jennings, Defendants.
• Court: Court of Appeal of Michigan — District of US

669 N.W.2d 845

258 Mich. App. 48

MAYOR OF DETROIT and City of Detroit, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. ARMS TECHNOLOGY, INC., Beretta USA, Corp., Browning Arms Co., Bryco Arms, Inc., Colt'S Manufacturing Co., Glock, Inc., H & R 1871, Inc., Hi Point Firearms, International Armament, d/b/a Interarm Industries, Kel-Tec, CNC Industries, Inc., O.F. Mossberg & Sons, Inc., Navegar, Inc., d/b/a Intratec USA, Inc., Phoenix Arms, Smith & Wesson Corp., Sturm Ruger & Co., Inc., and Taurus International Manufacturing, Defendants-Appellants, and B.L. Jennings, Cobray Firearms, Davis Industries, FMJ a/k/a Full Metal Jacket, MKS Supply, Inc., Lorcin Engineering Co., Inc., Raven Arms, Inc., Sundance Industries, Inc., S.W. Daniel, Inc., Alexander's Sport Shop, Inc., d/b/a Alexander's Gun Shop & Gun Range, Lloyd Dean V. Parr d/b/a Dean's Gun Shop, Dick's Sporting Goods, Gander Mountain, Gibraltar Trade Center, Joel Silber d/b/a Joel Silber Sporting Goods, Lortz, Ltd. d/b/a Midwest Ordinance, Motor City Sports Car, Ltd., Urbanski's Gun Shop, d/b/a Pago's Gun Shop, Sports Authority MI, Sports Authority, Inc., General Laney d/b/a Laney's Gun & Supplies, and General Laney, Inc., Defendants. Mayor of Detroit and City Of Detroit, Plaintiffs-Appellee, v. MKS Supply, Inc., Defendant-Appellant, and Arms Technology, Inc., Beretta USA, Corp., B.L. Jennings, Browning Arms Co., Bryco Arms, Inc., Cobray Firearms, Colt's Manufacturing Co., Davis Industries, FMJ a/k/a Full Metal Jacket, Glock, Inc., H & R 1871, Inc., Hi Point Firearms, International Armament, d/b/a Interarm Industries, Kel-Tec, CNC Industries, Inc., Lorcin Engineering Co., Inc., O.F. Mossberg & Sons, Inc., Navegar, Inc., d/b/a Intratec USA, Inc., Phoenix Arms, Raven Arms, Inc., Smith & Wesson Corp., Sturm Ruger & Co., Inc., Sundance Industries, Inc., S.W. Daniel, Inc., Taurus International Manufacturing, Alexander's Sport Shop, Inc., d/b/a Alexander's Gun Shop & Gun Range, Lloyd Dean V. Parr d/b/a Dean's Gun Shop, Dick's Sporting Goods, Gander Mountain, Gibraltar Trade Center, Joel Silber d/b/a Joel Silber Sporting Goods, Lortz, Ltd. d/b/a Midwest Ordinance, Motor City Sports Car, Ltd., Urbanski's Gun Shop, d/b/a Pago's Gun Shop, Sports Authority MI, Sports Authority, Inc., General Laney d/b/a Laney's Gun & Supplies, And General Laney, Inc., Defendants. Mayor of Detroit and City of Detroit, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. B.L. Jennings, Defendant-Appellant, and Arms Technology, Inc., Beretta USA, Corp., Browning Arms Co., Bryco Arms, Inc., Cobray Firearms, Colt's Manufacturing Co., Davis Industries, FMJ a/k/a Full Metal Jacket, Glock, Inc., H & R 1871, Inc., MKS Supply, Inc., Hi Point Firearms, International Armament, d/b/a Interarm Industries, Kel-Tec, CNC Industries, Inc., Lorcin Engineering Co., Inc., O.F. Mossberg & Sons, Inc., Navegar, Inc., d/b/a Intratec USA, Inc., Phoenix Arms, Raven Arms, Inc., Smith & Wesson Corp., Sturm Ruger & Co., Inc., Sundance Industries, Inc., S.W. Daniel, Inc., Taurus International Manufacturing, Alexander's Sport Shop, Inc., d/b/a Alexander's Gun Shop & Gun Range, Lloyd Dean V. Parr d/b/a Dean's Gun Shop, Dick's Sporting Goods, Gander Mountain, Gibraltar Trade Center, Joel Silber d/b/a Joel Silber Sporting Goods, Lortz, Ltd. d/b/a Midwest Ordinance, Motor City Sports Car, Ltd., Urbanski's Gun Shop, d/b/a Pago's Gun Shop, Sports Authority MI, Sports Authority, Inc., General Laney d/b/a Laney's Gun & Supplies, and General Laney, Inc., Defendants. Mayor of Detroit and City of Detroit, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. Alexander's Sport Shop, Inc., d/b/a Alexander's Gun Shop & Gun Range, Defendants-Appellants, and Arms Technology, Inc., Beretta USA, Corp., Browning Arms Co., Bryco Arms, Inc., Cobray Firearms, Colt's Manufacturing Co., Davis Industries. FMJ d/b/a Full Metal Jacket, Glock, Inc., H & R 1871, Inc., MKS Supply, Inc., Hi Point Firearms, International Armament d/b/a Inter-Arm Industries, Kel-Tec, CNC Industries, Inc., Lorcin Engineering Co., Inc., O.F. Mossberg & Sons, Inc., Navegar, Inc., d/b/a Intratec USA, Inc., Phoenix Arms, Raven Arms, Inc., Smith & Wesson Corp., Sturm Ruger & Co., Inc., Sundance Industries, Inc., S.W. Daniel, Inc., Taurus International Manufacturing, Alexander's Sport Shop, Inc., d/b/a Alexander's Guns Shop & Gun Range, Lloyd Dean V. Parr d/b/a Dean's Gun Shop, Dick's Sporting Goods, Gander Mountain, Gibraltar Trade Center, Joel Silber d/b/a Joel Silber Sporting Goods, General Laney d/b/a Laney's Gun & Supplies, General Laney, Inc., Lortz, Ltd. d/b/a Midwest Ordnance, Motor City Sports Car, Ltd., Urbanski's Gun Shop, d/b/a Pago's Gun Shop, Sports Authority MI, And Sports Authority, Inc., Defendants.

Wayne County Executive, John D. O'Hair, Ricardo Solomon, Edna Bell, Robert Blackwell, Kathleen Husk and County Of Wayne, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. MKS Supply, Inc., Defendant-Appellant, and Arms Technology, Inc., Beretta USA, Corp., Browning Arms Co., Bryco Arms, Inc., Cobray Firearms, Colt's Manufacturing Co., Davis Industries. FMJ d/b/a Full Metal Jacket, Glock, Inc., H & R 1871, Inc., Hi Point Firearms, International Armament d/b/a Inter-Arm Industries, Kel-Tec, CNC Industries, Inc., Lorcin Engineering Co., Inc., O.F. Mossberg & Sons, Inc., Navegar, Inc., d/b/a Intratec USA, Inc., Phoenix Arms, Raven Arms, Inc., Smith & Wesson Corp., Sturm Ruger & Co., Inc., Sundance Industries, Inc., S.W. Daniel, Inc., Taurus International Manufacturing, Alexander's Sport Shop, Inc., d/b/a Alexander's Guns Shop & Gun Range, Lloyd Dean V. Parr d/b/a Dean's Gun Shop, Dick's Sporting Goods, Gander Mountain, Gibraltar Trade Center, Joel Silber d/b/a Joel Silber Sporting Goods, General Laney d/b/a Laney's Gun & Supplies, General Laney, Inc., Lortz, Ltd. d/b/a Midwest Ordnance, Motor City Sports Car, Ltd., Urbanski's Gun Shop, d/b/a Pago's Gun Shop, Sports Authority MI, Sports Authority, Inc., And B.L. Jennings, Inc., Defendants.

Wayne County Executive, John D. O'Hair, Ricardo Solomon, Edna Bell, Robert Blackwell, Kathleen Husk and County of Wayne, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. B.L. Jennings, Defendant-Appellant, and Arms Technology, Inc., Beretta USA, Corp., Browning Arms Co., Bryco Arms, Inc., Cobray Firearms, Colt's Manufacturing Co., Davis Industries. FMJ d/b/a Full Metal Jacket, Glock, Inc., H & R 1871, Inc., MKS Supply, Inc., Hi Point Firearms, International Armament d/b/a Inter-Arm Industries, Kel-Tec, CNC Industries, Inc., Lorcin Engineering Co., Inc., O.F. Mossberg & Sons, Inc., Navegar, Inc., d/b/a Intratec USA, Inc., Phoenix Arms, Raven Arms, Inc., Smith & Wesson Corp., Sturm Ruger & Co., Inc., Sundance Industries, Inc., S.W. Daniel, Inc., Taurus International Manufacturing, Alexander's Sport Shop, Inc., d/b/a Alexander's Guns Shop & Gun Range, Lloyd Dean V. Parr d/b/a Dean's Gun Shop, Dick's Sporting Goods, Gander Mountain, Gibraltar Trade Center, Joel Silber d/b/a Joel Silber Sporting Goods, General Laney d/b/a Laney's Gun & Supplies, General Laney, Inc., Lortz, Ltd. d/b/a Midwest Ordnance, Motor City Sports Car, Ltd., Urbanski's Gun Shop, d/b/a Pago's Gun Shop, Sports Authority MI, and Sports Authority, Inc., Defendants.

Wayne County Executive, John D. O'Hair, Ricardo Solomon, Edna Bell, Robert Blackwell, Kathleen Husk and County of Wayne, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. Arms Technology, Inc., Beretta USA, Corp., Browning Arms Co., Bryco Arms, Inc. Colt's Manufacturing Co., Glock, Inc., H & R 1871, Inc., Hi Point Firearms, International Armament, d/b/a Interarm Industries, Kel-Tec, CNC Industries, Inc., O.F. Mossberg & Sons, Inc., Navegar, Inc., d/b/a Intratec USA, Inc., Phoenix Arms, Smith & Wesson Corp., Sturm Ruger & Co., Inc., and Taurus International Manufacturing, Defendants-Appellants, and Cobray Firearms, Davis Industries. FMJ d/b/a Full Metal Jacket, MKS Supply, Inc., Lorcin Engineering Co., Inc., Raven Arms, Inc., Sundance Industries, Inc., S.W. Daniel, Inc., Alexander's Sport Shop, Inc., d/b/a Alexander's Guns Shop & Gun Range, Lloyd Dean V. Parr d/b/a Dean's Gun Shop, Dick's Sporting Goods, Gander Mountain, Gibraltar Trade Center, Joel Silber d/b/a Joel Silber Sporting Goods, General Laney d/b/a Laney's Gun & Supplies, General Laney, Inc., Lortz, Ltd. d/b/a Midwest Ordnance, Motor City Sports Car, Ltd., Urbanski's Gun Shop, d/b/a Pago's Gun Shop, Sports Authority MI, Sports Authority, Inc. and B.L. Jennings, Defendants.

Wayne County Executive, John D. O'Hair, Ricardo Solomon, Edna Bell, Robert Blackwell, Kathleen Husk and County Of Wayne, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. Alexander's Sport Shop, Inc., d/b/a Alexander's Guns Shop & Gun Range, Defendants-Appellants, and Arms Technology, Inc., Beretta USA, Corp., Browning Arms Co., Bryco Arms, Inc., Cobray Firearms, Colt's Manufacturing Co., Davis Industries. FMJ d/b/a Full Metal Jacket, Glock, Inc., H & R 1871, Inc., MKS Supply, Inc., Hi Point Firearms, International Armament d/b/a Interarm Industries, Kel-Tec, CNC Industries, Inc., Lorcin Engineering Co., Inc., O.F. Mossberg & Sons, Inc., Navegar, Inc., d/b/a Intratec USA, Inc., Phoenix Arms, Raven Arms, Inc., Smith & Wesson Corp., Sturm Ruger & Co., Inc., Sundance Industries, Inc., S.W. Daniel, Inc., Taurus International Manufacturing, Lloyd Dean V. Parr d/b/a Dean's Gun Shop, Dick's Sporting Goods, Gander Mountain, Gibraltar Trade Center, Joel Silber d/b/a Joel Silber Sporting Goods, General Laney d/b/a Laney's Gun & Supplies, General Laney, Inc., Lortz, Ltd. d/b/a Midwest Ordnance, Motor City Sports Car, Ltd., Urbanski's Gun Shop, d/b/a Pago's Gun Shop, Sports Authority MI, Sports Authority, Inc., and B.L. Jennings, Defendants.

Docket Nos. 227669, 227685, 227686, 227687, 228710, 233688, 233689, 233906, 234263, 234359, 234567.

Court of Appeals of Michigan.

Submitted November 19, 2002, at Detroit.

Decided August 7, 2003, at 9:10 a.m.

Released for Publication October 7, 2003.

Charfoos & Christensen, P.C. (by David W. Christensen, Samuel L. Simpson, and David R. Parker), Detroit, for the Mayor of the city of Detroit and others.

Cox & Weiner (by Cy V....