Developmental Disabilities Inst., Inc. v. N.Y.S. Office for People With Developmental Disabilities

• Decision Date: 09 December 2021
• Docket Number: 532855
• Citation: 200 A.D.3d 1273,160 N.Y.S.3d 395
• Parties: In the Matter of DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES INSTITUTE, INC., et al., Appellants, v. NEW YORK STATE OFFICE FOR PEOPLE WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES et al., Respondents.
• Court: New York Supreme Court — Appellate Division

200 A.D.3d 1273

160 N.Y.S.3d 395

In the Matter of DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES INSTITUTE, INC., et al., Appellants,

v.NEW YORK STATE OFFICE FOR PEOPLE WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES et al., Respondents.

532855

Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Third Department, New York.

Calendar Date: October 19, 2021

Decided and Entered: December 9, 2021

Moritt Hock & Hamroff LLP, Garden City (Robert L. Schonfeld of counsel), for appellants.

Letitia James, Attorney General, Albany (Jonathan D. Hitsous of counsel), for respondents.

Before: Garry, P.J., Lynch, Clark, Reynolds Fitzgerald and Colangelo, JJ.

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

Garry, P.J.

Appeal from a judgment of the Supreme Court (Weinstein, J.), entered January 11, 2021 in Albany County, which, in a proceeding pursuant to CPLR article 78, granted respondents' motion to dismiss the petition.

Petitioner Developmental Disabilities Institute, Inc. (hereinafter DDI) is a not-for-profit corporation authorized by respondent Office for People with Developmental Disabilities (hereinafter OPWDD) to provide services to individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. By letter dated June 28, 2019, OPWDD notified DDI that, as of July 1, 2019, a type of enhanced funding designated as higher needs funding would no longer be available for, among others, four individuals (hereinafter collectively referred to as the residential individuals) who reside in DDI community-based homes. DDI subsequently questioned the accuracy of OPWDD's rate-setting methodology regarding higher needs funding for the residential individuals. On December 17, 2019, OPWDD sent DDI a short email explaining that its denial of higher needs funding for the residential individuals was correct.

On September 4, 2020, petitioners¹ commenced this CPLR article 78 proceeding to challenge OPWDD's determination to terminate DDI's eligibility to receive higher needs funding for the residential individuals. Respondents moved to dismiss the petition based on, as relevant here, the statute of limitations and lack of standing. Supreme Court granted respondents' motion and dismissed the petition. Petitioners appeal.

"Pursuant to CPLR 217(1), a CPLR article 78 proceeding against a body must be commenced within four months after the determination to be reviewed becomes final and binding upon the petitioners" ( Matter of Duffy v. Town of Guilderland, 186 A.D.3d 1856, 1857, 131 N.Y.S.3d 419 [2020] [internal quotation marks, ellipsis, brackets and citation omitted], lv denied 36 N.Y.3d 905, 2021 WL 504929 [2021] ). "A determination becomes final and binding when it definitively impacts and aggrieves the party seeking judicial review" ( id. [internal quotation marks and citations omitted]; see Matter of Best Payphones, Inc. v. Department of Info. Tech. & Telecom. of City of N.Y., 5 N.Y.3d 30, 34, 799 N.Y.S.2d 182, 832 N.E.2d 38 [2005] ; Matter of Adams v. Carrion, 85 A.D.3d 1517, 1518, 927 N.Y.S.2d 403 [2011], lv denied 17 N.Y.3d 717, 2011 WL 5839593 [2011] ). OPWDD's June 28, 2019 letter definitively informed DDI of the termination of higher needs funding, which aggrieved DDI. The four-month statute of limitations began to run on July 1, 2019, the date that DDI received that letter notifying it of this determination (see Matter of Di Cocco v. City of Schenectady, 175 A.D.2d 365, 366, 572 N.Y.S.2d 438 [1991] ; see also Matter of Presbyterian Home for Cent. N.Y. v. Dowling, 262 A.D.2d 1046, 1047, 692 N.Y.S.2d 876 [1999], lv denied 94 N.Y.2d 758, 705 N.Y.S.2d 5, 726 N.E.2d 482 [2000] ). DDI's later communications and requests for reconsideration or "further action did not render the determination less final" ( Matter of Adams v. Carrion, 85 A.D.3d at 1519, 927 N.Y.S.2d 403 ; see Matter of Thorne v. LaClair, 166 A.D.3d 1181, 1181, 84 N.Y.S.3d 871 [2018] ), "or toll the applicable limitations period" ( Matter of Pettus v. New York State Ins. Dept., 93 A.D.3d 1067, 1068, 941 N.Y.S.2d 299 [2012], lv denied 19 N.Y.3d 814, 2012 WL 5200367 [2012] ). We reject petitioners' argument that this was a timely proceeding in the nature of mandamus to compel, as a challenge to Medicaid rate-setting methodology cannot reasonably be characterized as the failure to perform an administrative or ministerial act (compare Matter of Letourneau v. Town of Berne, 56 A.D.3d 880, 881, 866 N.Y.S.2d 462 [2008] ). Thus, DDI did not timely commence this proceeding.

"Standing requires a party to demonstrate both an injury-in-fact and an injury falling within the zone of interests or concerns sought to be promoted or protected by the statutory provision under which the agency has acted" ( Matter of Park Manor Rehabilitation & Health Care Ctr., LLC v. Shah, 129 A.D.3d 1276, 1277, 11 N.Y.S.3d 346 [2015] [internal quotation marks and citation omitted]). The element of injury-in-fact requires a showing of harm that is actual and present, or at least reasonably certain to occur, not merely speculative (see Matter of Brennan Ctr. for Justice at NYU Sch. of Law v. New York State Bd. of Elections, 159 A.D.3d 1299, 1300, 73 N.Y.S.3d 666 [2018], lv denied 32 N.Y.3d 912, 2019 WL 149759 [2019] ; Police Benevolent Assn. of N.Y. State Troopers, Inc. v. Division of N.Y. State Police, 43 A.D.3d 125, 129, 840 N.Y.S.2d 828 [2007], affd 11 N.Y.3d 96, 863 N.Y.S.2d 387, 893 N.E.2d 803 [2008] ). Petitioners argue that the residential...