Devine v. Wilson, 84-889

• Citation: 373 N.W.2d 155
• Decision Date: 25 June 1985
• Docket Number: No. 84-889,84-889
• Parties: Wilbur DEVINE, Jr., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Mike WILSON, Defendant-Appellee.
• Court: Court of Appeals of Iowa

Page 155

373 N.W.2d 155

Wilbur DEVINE, Jr., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Mike WILSON, Defendant-Appellee.

No. 84-889.

Court of Appeals of Iowa.

June 25, 1985.

Paul H. Rosenberg of Rosenberg, Rosenberg & Reade, Des Moines, for plaintiff-appellant.

Dennis W. Johnson of Belin, Harris, Helmick, Heartney & Tesdell, Des Moines, for the defendant-appellee.

Considered en banc.

HAYDEN, Judge.

Plaintiff appeals from the district court's granting of a judgment notwithstanding the verdict in an action for legal malpractice.

Plaintiff, Wilbur Devine, was hired by the Iowa Department of Public Safety (DPS) on October 5, 1975, as an undercover agent in vice enforcement. He became a tenured employee after a one-year probationary period. On October 10, 1976, while off duty, plaintiff, who was married at the time, went to Iowa City accompanied by a woman who was not his wife. After attending a football game plaintiff and his companion visited two bars. Plaintiff testified he consumed four to six drinks between approximately 5:30 p.m. and 2:00 a.m. As they were leaving the second bar at closing time a man made a racially derogatory comment to plaintiff. When plaintiff asked him to repeat it the man hit plaintiff in the mouth and fled. Plaintiff caught the assailant, identified himself as a peace officer, and drew his gun. Plaintiff was grabbed by two bartenders and the assailant escaped. The incident was investigated by the Iowa City Police Department.

Upon returning to work plaintiff filed a report with his employer in which he stated he was with his wife at the time of the incident. Several days later, after being confronted by a superior, plaintiff filed another report correcting the inaccuracy.

Thereafter plaintiff was suspended from duty and on November 23, 1976, charges were filed against him by DPS with the Iowa Executive Council. The charges alleged violation of numerous departmental rules, including unbecoming conduct, taking state equipment, namely his firearm, to Iowa City without authorization, carrying a firearm while consuming intoxicating beverages, drawing a firearm in a crowded bar, making a false statement to another peace officer, committing a felony by violating Iowa Code section 702.1 (1975), and filing a report knowing it contained false information. The charges cited three prior oral reprimands of plaintiff and recommended the termination of his employment.

Plaintiff contacted the defendant attorney who agreed to represent him. Hearings were held before a hearing officer of the Iowa Department of Job Service and the Executive Council. The Executive Council entered a final decision on April 25, 1977, terminating plaintiff's employment.

Plaintiff filed a petition for judicial review which was served upon the Executive Council but not upon DPS. A special appearance was filed by the Executive Council challenging the jurisdiction of the district court. Judge Denato ruled that plaintiff's documents substantially complied with the requirements of Iowa Code chapter 17A and denied the special appearance. On the merits of the case Judge Miller reversed the agency's decision to dismiss plaintiff and, instead, upheld a suspension of plaintiff without pay. On appeal the supreme court reversed the district court decision stating that the district court lacked jurisdiction over the case because service on DPS was required by the statute. Devine v. Iowa Department of Public Safety, 286 N.W.2d 415 (Iowa 1979).

Plaintiff filed the present action against defendant alleging malpractice. At trial there was no expert testimony on the issue of the reasonableness of defendant's conduct. The trial court denied defendant's motions for directed verdict. The jury returned a verdict for plaintiff in the amount of $25,000. The trial court granted defendant's motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict.

Our review of this action at law is on assigned error. Iowa R.App.P. 4. A party is entitled to a judgment notwithstanding an adverse verdict if that party moved for and was entitled to a directed verdict at the close of all the evidence. Iowa R.Civ.P. 243(b). In considering the propriety of a motion for directed verdict the trial court views the evidence in the light most favorable to the party against whom the motion is made. Iowa R.App.P. 14(f)(2).

In order to recover for legal malpractice plaintiff must show that defendant was negligent in handling his litigation and that plaintiff would have prevailed in the underlying litigation but for defendant's negligence. Baker v. Beal, 225 N.W.2d 106, 109-12 (Iowa 1975). "Legal malpractice consists of the failure of an attorney to use such skill, prudence and diligence as lawyers of ordinary skill and capacity commonly possess and exercise in the performance of the task which they undertake." Martinson Manufacturing Co. v. Seery, 351 N.W.2d 772, 775 (Iowa 1984). Mere errors of judgment are not grounds for negligence. Baker v. Beal, 225 N.W.2d at 112. "[E]veryone is presumed to have discharged his duty, whether legal or moral, until the contrary is made to appear." Id. at 110. Expert testimony on the reasonableness of the attorney's conduct is usually required unless "the proof is so clear and obvious that a trial court could, with propriety, rule as a matter of law whether the lawyer met applicable standards" or "the asserted shortcomings of the lawyer are so plain they may be recognized or inferred from the common knowledge or experience of laymen." Id. at 112.

Plaintiff premises his charge of negligence in this case on defendant's failure to serve his petition for judicial review on the DPS. Defendant argues that the law on this issue was not clear in April of 1977 and that, therefore, his failure was merely an error of judgment made in good faith.

As far as we can tell the first supreme court case...