Dietz v. Cavender

• Decision Date: 09 April 1926
• Docket Number: 37196
• Parties: F. H. DIETZ, Appellee, v. JAMES CAVENDER, Chief of Police, et al., Appellants
• Court: Iowa Supreme Court

208 N.W. 354

201 Iowa 989

F. H. DIETZ, Appellee, v. JAMES CAVENDER, Chief of Police, et al., Appellants

No. 37196

Supreme Court of Iowa, Des Moines

April 9, 1926

Appeal from Polk District Court.--LESTER L. THOMPSON, Judge.

Petition in equity, to restrain James Cavender, the chief of police and John Jenney, councilman and the head of the public safety department, and the city of Des Moines from obtaining search warrants, searching customers, picketing plaintiff's premises, etc. A temporary injunction was allowed, and the defendants appeal.

Reversed.

John J Halloran, Reson S. Jones, Chauncey A. Weaver, and Paul Hewitt, for appellants.

Chester J. Eller, for appellee.

MORLING J. EVANS, STEVENS, FAVILLE, and VERMILION, JJ., concur. ALBERT, J., dissents.

OPINION

MORLING, J.

The petition alleges that plaintiff is conducting a drug store; that his business has been searched by the police eight or ten times within the year, without discovering intoxicating liquors; that the defendant councilman and the chief of police are engaged in malicious trespasses in directing police officers to go upon plaintiff's premises without search warrants and in searching patrons and picketing the premises; that none of the officers have discovered any misconduct of any kind; and that plaintiff is conducting a legitimate business. An amendment alleges that various search warrants were obtained under the orders of the defendant chief and councilman, and searches made without grounds, and illegally. The relief prayed is injunction. Ten informations against the plaintiff or his firm and premises between February 25, 1924, and March 19, 1925, and five search warrants have been certified to this court. The returns on the five search warrants are, "Nothing found." The informations are in the usual form, charging the plaintiff with the possession of intoxicating liquors with intent to sell, and are made by eight different informants. Plaintiff testifies that the officers, since March 13, 1925, have been almost continuously stationed in or about his place of business, over his protest, sometimes exhibiting search warrants, other times not, searching customers as they left the store, with the result that his business has half fallen off. He testified:

"Q. Now you may state yourself whether or not, any of the time that these search warrants or this period involved in this case, you ever had or kept any liquors there for sale,--intoxicating liquors of any kind or character. A. No, sir. I did not. Q. Have you ever offered any for sale? A. No, sir. Q. Has your business been conducted legitimately and lawfully as a drug store business? A. Absolutely."

He says he had a pharmacist there, named Peet, and a colored man, named Elmore, who occupied the balcony sometimes; that he "sometimes goes up there and plays with the radio * * * for a few minutes at a time, several times a day;" that Elmore does not keep alcohol up there. Plaintiff says he was arrested February 26th, for liquor nuisance, taken to the station, and waived to the grand jury; that Peet was arrested a short time before. Plaintiff offered 12 affidavits by persons stating that they were searched, upon leaving plaintiff's store, "without said officer having in his possession or exhibiting any warrants authorizing said search." The affidavits are silent in respect to purchase or possession of intoxicating liquors. A witness testified to being searched, and that he had "no stuff on me or in me or about me," and that the officer said he had no warrant. The defendant Cavender testified:

"I know the general reputation of the place since I became chief of police, with reference to its being a place where liquor is sold. It is bad. My statement is based upon repeated complaints and general reputation. Upon two different occasions, officers, under my direction, have secured liquor purchases at the Dietz drug store;" that Mrs. Barnett was brought to the station one night, and plaintiff was there; that he (Cavender) had said, "I expected to picket all of these bootlegging drug stores until I put them out of business;" and that his object in having the men there was to "force any bootlegger out of business. * * * Q. Isn't that true with respect to this plaintiff? A. If it is a bootlegging joint,--and it surely was."

Police Officer Sarchfield testified to making a search February 6, 1925.

"I sent a man in there to buy a bottle of liquor. His name is E. E. McBride. * * * When McBride went into the store, I was waiting in a car back of the water company's office. Couldn't see the operation. Sent Officer Taylor with him, to cover him. Before McBride went in, I searched him thoroughly for any money or liquor he might have on his person, and gave him two one-dollar bills. * * * Q. What did McBride buy, if anything, and bring back to you? A. Coming out of the place, he came to me shadowed by Officer Taylor, and I searched him and found out he was without the money * * * I had given him, and had a pint bottle of alcohol mixture. Exhibit 13 is the bottle I took from E. E. McBride. * * * The analysis on the bottle reads, '43 per cent by volume and 36 per cent by weight.' * * * We immediately went to this place with a search warrant, and, after reading the same to G. R. Peet, pharmacist in charge, we proceeded to search the premises. * * * We went to the balcony * * * and found the porter known as 'Toots' Elmore sitting at the radio there, and there were several brown gallon bottles around him, one marked tincture of alcohol, and we smelled of it, and it smelled very much like alcohol he had purchased. * * * We arrested G. R. Peet as the man that had made the sale. We took him to the station * * * McBride was taken to the station, and G. R. Peet was taken before McBride and identified by McBride as the man of whom he had made the purchase of the liquor from. * * * On February 26th, I went there in company with a lady, Mrs. J. C. Barnett, alias Billy Barnett, who made a purchase for us in the same manner. She made her purchase of Mr. Dietz, the proprietor. I was standing directly across the street. * * * I saw her go into the store * * * and walked to the back of the store and said something to Mr. Dietz * * * and Mr. Dietz went back of the prescription case and came out, and she went back where he was * * * and they made some kind of a transaction, and she immediately came out and delivered to me the change of the $ 5.00 bill * * * and a half-pint bottle of alcohol. * * * The bottle which has been marked Exhibit 14 is the bottle taken from Mrs. J. C. Barnett on the night of this search when she came out of Dietz's drug store."

The witness identified Exhibit 15 as an affidavit made by Mrs Barnett in his presence. The...