Dignan v. MI. PUBLIC SCH. EMP. RETIREMENT BD.

• Decision Date: 04 February 2003
• Docket Number: Docket No. 231533.
• Citation: 659 N.W.2d 629,253 Mich. App. 571
• Parties: Patricia J. DIGNAN, Petitioner-Appellee, v. MICHIGAN PUBLIC SCHOOL EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT BOARD, Respondent-Appellant.
• Court: Court of Appeal of Michigan — District of US

659 N.W.2d 629

253 Mich. App. 571

Patricia J. DIGNAN, Petitioner-Appellee, v. MICHIGAN PUBLIC SCHOOL EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT BOARD, Respondent-Appellant.

Docket No. 231533.

Court of Appeals of Michigan.

Submitted September 12, 2002, at Lansing.

Decided October 29, 2002, at 9:00 a.m.

Released for Publication February 4, 2003.

Manchester & Associates (by Thomas C. Manchester), Ypsilanti, for the petitioner.

Jennifer M. Granholm, Attorney General, Thomas L. Casey, Solicitor General, and Stephen M. Rideout, Assistant Attorney General, for the respondent.

Before: HOLBROOK, JR., P.J., and ZAHRA and OWENS, JJ.

ZAHRA, J.

Respondent Michigan Public School Employees Retirement Board appeals by leave granted from a circuit court order modifying respondent's decision in this claim disputing the calculation of petitioner Patricia J. Dignan's retirement benefits. We reverse and remand.

I. Facts and Procedure

Petitioner was employed by the Milan Public School District for approximately 7½ years. She retired in September 1995. For the first five years, petitioner was employed as an assistant superintendent, and for the remaining 2½ years she served as superintendent. Petitioner was employed pursuant to a contract she signed in March 1993. The contract covered customary matters such as petitioner's salary, fringe benefits, and duties. Paragraph 15 of the contract was entitled "Terminal allowance" and provided for $2,000 for each year of service. Paragraph 15 reads:

15. Terminal allowance. At termination of employment with Milan Area Schools sick leave allowance will be granted to the Superintendent at the rate of $75 for each unused sick leave day up to a maximum of $12,000. At termination of employment, $2,000 per year of service as administrator at Milan Area Schools will be granted.

The contract was amended by the board of education on April 13, 1994, in some respects. Petitioner signed the amendment on May 11, 1994. The following language in the amendment pertains to ¶ 15 of the original contract: "The original contract, (paragraph 15-Terminal Allowance) unused sick leave days will no longer be compensated ($75/unused day) upon termination of employment. However, $2,000 per year of service as administrator at Milan Area Schools will still be granted." (Emphasis in original.)

In January 1997, petitioner objected to the manner in which the Michigan Public School Employees Retirement System (MPSERS) calculated her "final average compensation" (FAC) in determining the amount of her retirement pension.¹ Petitioner claimed that several payments she had received as superintendent were erroneously omitted from her FAC. The only issue in this case concerns petitioner's claim that a $14,500 payment made pursuant to the "Terminal allowance" provision constituted longevity pay.

Petitioner's complaint was treated as a contested case and administrative proceedings before a hearing referee were conducted. Petitioner presented a January 29, 1997, letter from Norm Kreager, the former director of business and finance for Milan Area Schools. Among other things, the letter stated Kreager's understanding that petitioner's contract provided $2,000 for each year of service "for longevity payments." Petitioner testified that she understood the contract to provide for longevity pay. The MPSERS argued that the "Terminal allowance" provision of the contract did not provide for longevity pay and the $14,500 payment should not be included in computing petitioner's FAC.

The hearing referee found that the $14,500 payment was not reported to the MPSERS as longevity pay and that retirement contributions were not made in connection with that payment. Nonetheless, the referee accepted petitioner's testimony and Kreager's letter in finding that the $14,500 "was intended to cover the $2,000 per year longevity pay that [petitioner] was entitled to, but had not received for 7½ years." On that basis, the referee concluded that the $14,500 payment should be included in petitioner's compensation for purposes of determining her pension.

The MPSERS timely filed with respondent exceptions to the hearing referee's findings and conclusions. Respondent found Kreager's correspondence to be "unsubstantiated." Respondent also determined that the 1994 contract addendum left in place the original contract language regarding the terminal allowance and, therefore, by its terms, provided for a "terminal allowance, not longevity payments." Respondent noted that under the contract, the payment was to be made only at the end of petitioner's employment. Respondent further noted that the school district had not treated the sum as longevity payments and did not make retirement contributions based on the sum. Respondent concluded that the preponderance of the evidence showed the $14,500 was either a bonus or remuneration paid for the purpose of increasing petitioner's final average compensation.²

Petitioner appealed to the circuit court. The circuit court reasoned that the hearing referee had the opportunity to hear the testimony and observe the witnesses, whereas respondent had only a record to review. The circuit court ruled that respondent failed to afford the hearing referee's decision proper deference, and reversed respondent's decision concerning the terminal allowance issue. This appeal followed.

II. Analysis

A. Standard of Review

1. Court of Appeals review of the circuit court decision

This Court reviews a lower court's review of an agency decision to determine "whether the lower court applied correct legal principles and whether it misapprehended or grossly misapplied the substantial evidence test to the agency's factual findings." Boyd v. Civil Serv. Comm., 220 Mich.App. 226, 234, 559 N.W.2d 342 (1996). This standard of review is the same as a "clearly erroneous" standard of review. Id. at 234-235, 559 N.W.2d 342. A finding is clearly erroneous when, "on review of the whole record, this Court is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been made." Id. at 235, 559 N.W.2d 342.

2. Circuit court's review of the agency's decision

A circuit court's review of an administrative agency's decision is limited to determining whether the decision was contrary to law, was supported by competent, material, and substantial evidence on the whole record, was arbitrary or capricious, was clearly an abuse of discretion, or was otherwise affected by a substantial and material error of law. Const. 1963, art. 6, § 28; MCL 24.306; Boyd, supra at 232, 559 N.W.2d 342. "Substantial" means evidence that a reasoning mind would accept as sufficient to support a conclusion. Kotmar, Ltd. v. Liquor Control Comm., 207 Mich.App. 687, 689, 525 N.W.2d 921 (1994). Courts should accord due deference to administrative expertise and not invade administrative fact finding by displacing an agency's choice between two reasonably differing views. MERC v. Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 393 Mich. 116, 124, 223 N.W.2d 283 (1974); In re Kurzyniec Estate, 207 Mich.App. 531, 537, 526 N.W.2d 191 (1994).

B. The Relevant Statutes

The Public School Employees Retirement Act empowers respondent to determine what remuneration should be considered part of a retiree's final compensation. MCL 38.1303a(5). A petitioner who seeks to have remuneration included in his final compensation has the burden of proof. MCL 38.1303a(6).

Disputes concerning the calculation of final compensation are resolved by initiating a contested case under the Administrative Procedures Act. M.C.L. § 24.201 et seq. A "contested case" is any proceeding in which a determination of legal rights, duties, or privileges is made after an opportunity for an evidentiary hearing. MCL 24.203(3). A "presiding officer" at such a hearing must be impartial, but may be a member of the agency or a hearing officer designated and authorized by the agency. MCL 24.279. The powers of a presiding officer are provided in M.C.L. § 24.280. A presiding officer is required to prepare a written "proposal for decision" containing reasons and findings necessary to the proposed decision. MCL 24.281(2). The proposal becomes the "final decision of the agency" only if exceptions are not filed or there is no other review or action by the agency. MCL 24.281(3). "On appeal from or review of a proposal of decision the agency ... shall have all the powers which it would have if it had presided at the hearing." Id.

The agency makes the "final decision or order" in a contested case. MCL 24.285. The decision must be based on the record as a whole and supported by and in accordance with the competent, material, and substantial evidence. Id. The official record of the agency includes any decision, opinion, order, or report of a presiding officer. MCL 24.286(1)(f). Judicial review is of an agency's final decision or order in a contested case. MCL 24.301; MCL 24.306(1).

C. The Circuit Court's Erroneous Review

The foregoing statutes establish a scheme by which an agency's final decision is subject to judicial review. The circuit court in this case erroneously applied the judicial standard of review of an agency decision to respondent's "review" of the hearing referee's decision. The agency decision to be reviewed by the circuit court was respondent's final, decision, not respondent's rejection of the hearing referee's conclusions. The hearing referee's proposal for decision was just that, a proposal for respondent to consider. Indeed, the hearing referee's findings and conclusions were forwarded to respondent as a "recommendation." Respondent was not required to accept the hearing referee's proposed findings even if those findings were supported by substantial evidence. Respondent was free to accept, reject, or modify the referee's proposal.

The sole question before the circuit court...