Doe v. Brown

Decision Date20 May 1997
Docket NumberNo. 24680,24680
Citation331 S.C. 491,489 S.E.2d 917
CourtSouth Carolina Supreme Court
PartiesJohn DOE and Jane Doe, Respondents, v. Charles R. BROWN, Jr., and Baby Girl Ashlie, an infant under the age of seven (7) years, Defendants, of whom Charles R. Brown, Jr., is Appellant, and Baby Girl Ashlie, an infant under the age of seven (7) is, Respondent, and Charles R. Brown, Sr., and Mrs. Charles R. Brown, Sr., Intervenors-Appellants. . Heard

0. W. Bannister, Jr., of Hill, Wyatt & Bannister, L.L.P., Greenville, for appellants.

Stephen A. Yacobi and D. Denby Davenport, Jr., both of Davenport & Yacobi, P.A., Greenville, for respondents.

James Fletcher Thompson, of Thompson & Sinclair, Spartanburg, Guardian ad Litem for Baby Girl Ashlie.

FINNEY, Chief Justice.

The critical issue in this case is whether the father of a child, conceived as the result of father's statutory rape of the mother, has any parental rights to that child? The family court first held the father had no rights, and therefore he need not consent to the child's adoption nor be given notice of the adoption proceedings. Alternatively, the court held that this Father had not complied with the statutory requirements so as to require his consent to the adoption. We agree with the family court's second holding, and affirm.

Baby Girl Ashlie was conceived as the result of appellant Charles R. Brown, Jr.'s. (Father's) statutory rape of twelve year old Mother in Kentucky. 1 After Ashlie was born in South Carolina, Mother relinquished her parental rights and consented to Ashlie's adoption by the respondents. Respondents then brought this adoption action, and the family court permitted Father and his parents, appellants Mr. and Mrs. Charles R. Brown, Sr. (Grandparents) to intervene. From orders "terminating" Father's rights and granting Ashlie's adoption, Father and Grandparents appeal. Appellants do not challenge the family court's ruling that Grandparents' rights, if any, are derivative of Father's, and that they have no independent standing to challenge the adoption.

The resolution of the issues raised by this case turns on the interpretation of several statutes. South Carolina Code Ann. § 20-7-1690 (Supp.1996) lists the persons who must consent or relinquish their parental rights to a child for purposes of the child's adoption. Section 20-7-1695 (Supp.1996) specifies those persons from whom neither consent nor relinquishment is required. Under this statute, parents who need not consent or relinquish their parental rights are those who have already had their rights terminated; those who are mentally incompetent; and those, such as the Mother here, who have executed a relinquishment pursuant to S.C.Code Ann. § 20-7-1700 (Supp.1996). There is no exemption in these consent/relinquishment statutes for the parent of a child conceived as the result of that person's criminal act. 2

A different statute, § 20-7-1734 (Supp.1996), lists the persons and agencies who must be given notice of adoption proceedings. Generally, a person whose parental rights have been terminated or relinquished or who has consented to the adoption need not be given notice of the adoption proceedings. § 20-7-1734(A). Certain fathers, however, whose consent or relinquishment to adoption is not required under § 20-7-1690 are, never-the-less entitled to notice of the adoption under subsection (B) of § 20-7-1734. This notice statute explicitly provides, however, in its next subsection, that a father otherwise entitled to notice under subsection (B) is not entitled to notice if the child was conceived as the result of criminal sexual conduct or incest. § 20-7-1734(C).

In sum, South Carolina's statutory adoption plan defines which parents must consent or relinquish their parental rights, or have them terminated, in order for a child to be adoptable. There is no per se exclusion of parents of children conceived as the result of a criminal act from the statutory consent/relinquishment/termination requirement. A different statute defines those persons who are entitled to notice of an adoption, and this notice statute explicitly excludes "criminal parents."

The family court order extrapolated from § 20-7-1734(C)'s "no notice" provision that ".... a rapist has no [parental] rights to the child conceived as the result of the criminal act." The court therefore held Father simply had no right to be involved in this proceeding. Alternatively, if Father did have rights and was to be treated under the consent/relinquishment statutes as any other out-of-wedlock father, then the court held that Father's failure to assume parental responsibility within the meaning of § 20-7-1690(A)(5)(b) (Supp.1996) and/or Abernathy v. Baby Boy, 313 S.C. 27, 437 S.E.2d 25 (1993), abrogated the need for Father's formal consent. The judge held that he was effectively terminating Father's parental rights, and made a finding that the adoption was in the child's best interest.

Appellants first argue the family court erred in extrapolating from § 20-7-1734(C)'s "no notice" of adoption provision that the parents of children conceived as the result of their criminal act have no parental rights. For the following reasons we agree, and hold that under our statutory scheme, these parents must be treated as other out-of-wedlock parents 3 for purposes of the consent/relinquishment requirements.

Adoption statutes are in derogation of the common law and therefore must be strictly construed. Hucks v. Dolan, 288 S.C. 468, 343 S.E.2d 613 (1986). Here, there is no language exempting "criminal parents" from the consent/relinquishment requirement, while there is such an exemption in the notice statute. Statutes which are part of the same legislative scheme should be read together. In re Keith Lamont G., 304 S.C. 456, 405 S.E.2d 404 (1991). The clear and unambiguous language of the these statutes indicates that when the Legislature intended to exclude "criminal parents" from the adoption process, it did so. See Gaster v. Evatt, --- S.C. ----, 483 S.E.2d 197 (1997). Such parents are exempt only from the notice of adoption requirement under our statutes. 4 Compare Mullis v. Kinder, 568 N.E.2d 1087 (Ind.App.1991) (Father's consent not required where statute stated consent to adoption not needed from fathers of children conceived as a result of child molestation).

Further, public policy is served by recognizing a legal relationship, albeit limited, 5 between the "criminal parent" and the child. For example, if the mother wishes to retain custody of the child, then legal recognition of the relationship will allow her to seek child support from the father. Cf., e.g., State ex rel. Hermesmann v. Seyer, 252 Kan. 646, 847 P.2d 1273 (1993); Com. ex rel. Rush v. Hatfield, 929 S.W.2d 200 (Ky.App.1996); In re Paternity of J.L.H., 149 Wis.2d 349 441 N.W.2d 273 (App.1989) (cases requiring underage father victims of statutory rapes to contribute to child's support where intercourse was factually voluntary, even if under criminal law it was without consent).

In its alternative holding, the family court held that Father had not met the requirements of either § 20-7-1690(A)(5)(b) or Abernathy so as to require him to consent or relinquish his rights to Ashlie prior to her adoption. We affirm the family court.

Under the applicable code section, consent or relinquishment is...

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6 cases
  • Doe v. Roe, 4119.
    • United States
    • South Carolina Court of Appeals
    • June 5, 2006
    ...denying the adoption on this basis is reversed. Parag, 333 S.C. at 227-29, 508 S.E.2d at 593-94 (footnote omitted). In Doe v. Brown, 331 S.C. 491, 489 S.E.2d 917 (1997), Baby Girl Ashlie was conceived as the result of Brown's statutory rape of the twelve-year-old mother. The mother relinqui......
  • Broadhurst v. CITY OF MYRTLE BEACH ELECT.
    • United States
    • South Carolina Supreme Court
    • August 28, 2000
    ...321 S.C. 366, 468 S.E.2d 649 (1996). Statutes which are in derogation of common law must be strictly construed. See Doe v. Brown, 331 S.C. 491, 489 S.E.2d 917 (1997). In relevant part, § 7-13-1140, cited by Cain as authorizing a second election limited to the voters who signed the Dunes I p......
  • Columbia/CSA-HS Greater Columbia Healthcare Sys., LP v. S.C. Med. Malpractice Liab. Joint Underwriting Ass'n
    • United States
    • South Carolina Supreme Court
    • January 21, 2015
    ...as relevant because they indicate the “General Assembly knows how to” include a provision when it so desires); Doe v. Brown, 331 S.C. 491, 496, 489 S.E.2d 917, 920 (1997) (considering related statutes and concluding that “[t]he clear and unambiguous language of [ ] these statutes indicates ......
  • Doe v. Queen, 3221.
    • United States
    • South Carolina Court of Appeals
    • July 17, 2000
    ...in Abernathy. Therefore, we cannot excuse Queen's failure to meet the literal requirements of the statute. See Doe v. Brown, 331 S.C. 491, 489 S.E.2d 917 (1997) (wherein the Supreme Court found the father's conduct after learning of the pregnancy failed to rise to the level necessary to mee......
  • Request a trial to view additional results
1 books & journal articles
  • Statutory rape law and enforcement in the wake of welfare reform.
    • United States
    • Stanford Law Review Vol. 52 No. 2, January 2000
    • January 1, 2000
    ...only barred a paternity petition if the man had committed rape by forcible compulsion). (140.) See 898 P.2d 891,901 (Cal. 1995). (141.) 489 S.E.2d 917 (S.C. (142.) Id. at 920; see also In re Michael P., 1997 WL 816183, at *4 (Conn. Super. Ct. Sept. 19, 1997) (terminating parental rights of ......

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