Don Docksteader Motors, Ltd. v. Patal Enterprises, Ltd., 13-88-314-CV

• Decision Date: 31 August 1989
• Docket Number: No. 13-88-314-CV,13-88-314-CV
• Citation: 776 S.W.2d 726
• Parties: DON DOCKSTEADER MOTORS, LTD., Appellant, v. PATAL ENTERPRISES, LTD., et al., Appellees.
• Court: Texas Court of Appeals

Page 726

776 S.W.2d 726

DON DOCKSTEADER MOTORS, LTD., Appellant, v. PATAL ENTERPRISES, LTD., et al., Appellees.

No. 13-88-314-CV.

Court of Appeals of Texas Corpus Christi.

Aug. 31, 1989.

Rehearing Denied

Sept. 28, 1989.

Joseph R. Preston, Clark & Preston, P.C., Mission, for appellant.

Alex and Patricia Worobetz, Plaine, for appellees.

Before NYE, C.J., and KENNEDY and BENAVIDES, JJ.

OPINION

NYE, Chief Justice.

Docksteader Motors, Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Docksteader") brought suit to enforce a foreign country judgment against Patal Enterprises, Alex Worobetz and Patricia Worobetz (hereinafter collectively referred to as "Patal"). Both parties moved for summary judgment. Docksteader's motion was denied; Patal's motion was granted. By five points of error, Docksteader contends the court erred in granting Patal's motion and denying its motion for summary judgment.

This case originated when Docksteader filed suit in the Texas state district court to enforce a foreign judgment. The foreign judgment was one rendered by a Canadian court, ordering Patal to pay Docksteader $152,377.01 in Canadian dollars together with interest and costs. Patal answered with a general denial.

Patal moved for summary judgment on two grounds: 1) that the act Docksteader was basing its recovery under (the Uniform Foreign Country Money-Judgment Recognition Act, hereinafter referred to as the "Recognition Act") is unconstitutional, and 2) that Patal established a lack of reciprocity, a ground for non-recognition, entitling it to summary judgment.

The summary judgment order does not state the specific grounds upon which it was granted, so appellant must show that each of the independent arguments alleged in the motion is insufficient to support the order. Tilotta v. Goodall, 752 S.W.2d 160, 161 (Tex.App.--Houston (1st Dist.) 1988 writ denied); McCrea v. Cubilla Condominium Corp., 685 S.W.2d 755, 757 (Tex.App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1985, writ ref'd n.r.e.).

First we examine the ground concerning a lack of reciprocity from Canada. The Recognition Act provides that "A foreign country judgment need not be recognized if ... it is established that the foreign country in which the judgment was rendered does not recognize judgments rendered in this state that but for the fact that they are rendered in this state, conform to the definition of 'foreign country judgment.' " Tex.Civ.Prac. & Rem.Code Ann. § 36.005(b)(7) (Vernon 1986).

Since the determination of whether or not to recognize the judgment under this provision is a matter for the trial court's discretion, it is not properly determinable in a motion for summary judgment. See Fauver v. Texas Department of Public Safety, 461 S.W.2d 206, 207 (Tex.Civ.App.--Eastland 1970, no writ.) Even if it were determinable in a summary judgment proceeding, there is no indication in the record that the trial court exercised its discretion. Such an exercise of discretion would be dependent on the constitutionality of the Recognition Act.

The other ground in the motion for summary judgment challenges the constitutionality of the Recognition Act. To discuss the constitutionality of the Recognition Act we outline the pertinent provisions. Section 36.004, entitled "Recognition and Enforcement" provides:

Except as provided by Section 36.005 [which lists grounds for non-recognition], a foreign country judgment meeting the requirements of Section 36.002 [final, conclusive and enforceable] is conclusive between the parties to the extent that it grants or denies recovery of a sum of money. The judgment is enforceable in the same manner as a judgment of a sister state that is entitled to full faith and credit.

Section 36.005 provides numerous grounds for non-recognition, three of which, if proved, preclude the trial court from recognizing the foreign country judgment. Seven other reasons are listed whereby a trial court has discretion to recognize a foreign country judgment.

The Uniform Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act (Enforcement Act) provides two ways to enforce a sister state judgment and a recognized foreign country judgment: 1) the "short-cut method"--file the foreign judgment, an affidavit, and give notice to the judgment debtor, or 2) the "common law method"--bring an action to enforce a judgment. Tex.Civ.Prac. & Rem.Code Ann. §§ 35.001-35.008.

Patel argues that Chapter 36 of the Civ.Prac. & Rem.Code is unconstitutional because it does not provide a procedure whereby a judgment debtor receives notice and opportunity to assert grounds for nonrecognition of a foreign country money judgment. Three Texas cases have considered the right to a plenary hearing to determine whether a judgment should be recognized under the Recognition Act. In each case there is no writ history. In Hennessy v. Marshall, 682 S.W.2d 340 (Tex.App.--Dallas 1984, no writ) the judgment creditor filed a foreign country judgment (utilizing the short-cut method provided in chapter 35). The Hennessy court held that because the Recognition Act provided grounds for non-recognition, a plenary suit had to be filed and a plenary hearing held in Texas before a foreign country judgment could be entitled to be recognized and enforced. Hennessy, 682 S.W.2d at 345. Since no such hearing occurred, the appellate court held that any orders based on the judgment were void. The court recognized that no hearing was explicitly required by the statute but stated that the judgment debtor had to be afforded notice and an opportunity to be heard in accordance with due process requirements to determine matters pertaining to recognition.

In Detamore v. Sullivan, 731 S.W.2d 122 (Tex.App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 1987, no writ) the Fourteenth Court of Appeals agreed with the rationale of the Hennessy opinion. But the Detamore court said, "[W]e cannot find any procedures within Chapter 36 providing for a plenary hearing on recognition. To incorporate procedures for a hearing into Chapter 36, where none are provided, places us in the position of judicially legislating." Detamore, 731 S.W.2d at 123. The Detamore court, finding no provision for notice and a plenary hearing, held that the Recognition...