Doucette v. Handy & Harmon, 92-P-776

• Decision Date: 28 February 1994
• Docket Number: No. 92-P-776,92-P-776
• Citation: 625 N.E.2d 571,35 Mass.App.Ct. 724
• Court: Appeals Court of Massachusetts
• Parties: , 87 Ed. Law Rep. 1043, Prod.Liab.Rep. (CCH) P 13,859 Susan L. DOUCETTE v. HANDY & HARMON & others. 1

Page 571

625 N.E.2d 571

35 Mass.App.Ct. 724, 87 Ed. Law Rep. 1043,

Prod.Liab.Rep. (CCH) P 13,859

Susan L. DOUCETTE v. HANDY & HARMON & others. ¹

No. 92-P-776.

Appeals Court of Massachusetts,

Middlesex.

Argued Nov. 12, 1993.

Decided Jan. 7, 1994.

Further Appellate Review Denied Feb. 28, 1994.

Augustus F. Wagner, Jr., Boston, for plaintiff.

Neal M. Lerer, Boston (Peter J. McCue, Edward M. Mahoney, Charles W. Cobb Boston, & Jonathan Braverman, Braintree, with him) for defendants.

Before ARMSTRONG, DREBEN and IRELAND, JJ.

ARMSTRONG, Justice.

The plaintiff, who taught jewelry-making and metal shop classes at Sandwich Junior-Senior High School until January, 1981, filed this products liability action on February 15, 1984, alleging that she suffered cadmium poisoning in the course of her work. Cadmium was an ingredient of solders she used in jewelry-making, and her breathing of fumes emitted in the soldering process was the apparent cause of her condition of cadmium poisoning that was definitively diagnosed in late February or early March, 1981. The action was dismissed as barred by the three-year statute of limitations, G.L. c. 260, § 2A. The plaintiff's appeal challenges the application of the statute.

The limitations issue was tried separately to a jury, which heard evidence to the effect that by September, 1980, the plaintiff and other teachers were filing complaints to school officials that the ventilation system was not adequate to vent the fumes created by the acids used and gases produced in jewelry-making and that the plaintiff began suffering from weight loss, fatigue, lapses of memory, and headaches around October, 1980. She sought medical attention in December and underwent extensive testing in January (1981), much of it directed to identifying an industrial origin to her problem.

The judge put to the jury two special questions: whether the plaintiff on or before February 15, 1981, learned or should have learned that the likely cause of her headaches, dizziness and elevated blood pressure was her exposure to fumes, gases and vapors during the jewelry-making process. The plaintiff objected to that formulation of the special questions, requesting instead that the questions be framed in terms of whether the plaintiff knew or should have known "that she had contracted cadmium poisoning as a result of conduct of the defendants?" The judge refused and, to the contrary, instructed the jury that it was not necessary to the accrual of the cause of action that the plaintiff should have identified the particular ingredient of the fumes (i.e., cadmium) that was the cause of her symptoms.

The judge, in our view, did not err in rejecting the plaintiff's proposed questions. They were based on a mechanical recital of the test described in Olsen v. Bell Tel. Labs., Inc., 388 Mass. 171, 175, 445 N.E.2d 609 (1983): that a plaintiff's cause of action does not accrue until he knows or reasonably should know that he contracted his symptomology "as a result of conduct of the defendants." See also Bowen v. Eli Lilly & Co., 408 Mass. 204, 205-206, 557 N.E.2d 739 (1990). The Olsen test was expressly based on the principle that a plaintiff "should be put on notice before his or her claim is barred by the passage of time," Olsen, supra at 175, 445 N.E.2d 609, and that the discovery rule applies only where the cause of action is inherently unknowable." Ibid., citing Friedman v. Jablonski, 371 Mass. 482, 485, 358 N.E.2d 994 (1976). The plaintiff's cause of action was no longer inherently unknowable after she knew that her medical symptoms were probably caused by inhalation of the fumes and vapors emitted from the...