Douglas v. Humble Oil & Refining Co.

• Decision Date: 02 October 1968
• Citation: 445 P.2d 590,251 Or. 310
• Parties: Raymond DOUGLAS and Mary Douglas, husband and wife, Appellants and Cross-Respondents, v. HUMBLE OIL & REFINING COMPANY, a Delaware Corporation, and Ronald Preston, Respondents and Cross-Appellants.
• Court: Oregon Supreme Court

Page 590

445 P.2d 590

251 Or. 310

Raymond DOUGLAS and Mary Douglas, husband and wife Appellants and Cross-Respondents, v. HUMBLE OIL & REFINING COMPANY, a Delaware Corporation, and Ronald Preston, Respondents and Cross-Appellants.

Supreme Court of Oregon, In Banc.

Argued and Submitted June 3, 1968.

Decided Oct. 2, 1968.

Prentiss K. Puckett, Klamath Falls, argued the cause and filed briefs for appellants and cross-respondents.

Cleveland C. Cory, Portland, argued the cause for respondents and cross-appellants. With him on the brief were Clarence R. Wicks and Kenneth D. Stephens, Portland.

Before PERRY, C.J., and SLOAN, O'CONNELL, GOODWIN, DENECKE, HOLMAN and RODMAN, JJ.

GOODWIN, Justice.

Plaintiffs, who were awarded compensatory damages for trespass and both compensatory and punitive damages for conversion, appeal from a judgment notwithstanding the verdict allowing compensatory damages only. The defendants cross-appeal from the judgment for compensatory damages.

Plaintiffs, husband and wife, owned and occupied a dwelling house in Klamath Falls. Plaintiff husband, referred to herein as Douglas, operated an Enco service station under a 'Service Station Commission Agency Agreement' with the defendant Humble. The defendant Preston was Humble's agent supervising retail outlets in the region. Douglas fell behind in his account with Humble. Preston, whose duties included the collection of such accounts, learned that Douglas had left Klamath Falls on a trip. Preston thereupon paid a visit to the service station to investigate the situation.

Preston found an employee in charge of the station. The employee had in his possession a key to the Douglas family home. Upon request by Preston, the employee went with Preston to the Douglas home and unlocked the door to admit Preston to the home. Preston examined the contents of the home. When he left, he took with him an adding machine, business records relating to the service station in question, records of repair work performed by Douglas for his customers, and credit-card applications which, until transmitted to Humble, were the personal property of Douglas.

The plaintiffs brought this action in two counts: one for trespass to their home; the second for the conversion of the articles of personal property taken by Preston.

The defendants asserted that, because the entry into the house was consented to by the employee, it was not a trespass.

The undisputed evidence was that the only purpose for which Douglas had authorized his employee to use the house key was to attend to the feeding of the Douglas's household pets. The evidence would, therefore, permit the jury to find that Preston's entry into the house was unauthorized. Such an entry would be a trespass. Restatement (Second) of Torts § 158 (1965). The fact that the employee may also have been a trespasser does not immunize Preston from the consequences of his trespass. Since there was a jury question on the issue of trespass, the defendants' cross appeal on that issue must fail.

In defense of the alleged conversion, the defendants asserted that a 'Security Agreement' between Douglas and Humble gave Humble the right to seize the objects taken from the plaintiffs' home.

The contracts gave Humble certain security interests in personal property connected with the service-station business, and gave Humble the right, under certain circumstances, to remove the property from 'the premises on which the collateral is located.' But the contracts, even if considered as creating an immediate right of possession in the defendants, did not cover everything taken by Preston.

The evidence revealed that Preston took not only the adding machine and business forms and records used in making periodic accounts to Humble, but also records entirely personal to Douglas and not covered by the security agreement. Assuming that the adding machine and part of the business records were covered by the security agreement, a matter which the evidence left in doubt, the jury nonetheless could have found a taking of property over which Humble had no right to exercise dominion and control. Such a taking would be a conversion. Gowin v. Heider, 237 Or. 266, 304, 386 P.2d 1, 391 P.2d 630 (1963).

If the jury believed the plaintiffs' testimony, it could have found a conversion separate and apart from the trespass which accompanied the taking. The conversion issue, therefore, was properly before the jury, and the question of compensatory damages was properly submitted. Williams v. International Harvester Co., 172 Or. 270, 141 P.2d 837 (1943).

As a general rule, punitive damages will be allowed only when the proof supports a finding that the defendant acted with improper motives or with willful, wanton, or reckless disregard for the rights of others. Hall v. Work, 223 Or. 347, 363, 354 P.2d 837, 844, 366 P.2d 533 (1960); Fisher v. Carlin et ux, 219 Or. 159, 162, 346 P.2d 641, 643 (1959). For a comprehensive study of the law of punitive damages in this state, see D. Hodel, The Doctrine of Exemplary Damages in Oregon, 44 Or.L.Rev. 175 (1965).

We held recently that it is only in those instances where the violation of societal interests is sufficiently great and of a kind that sanctions would tend to prevent that the use of punitive damages is proper. 'Regardless of the nomenclature by which a violation of these obligations is described (grossly negligent, willful, wanton, malicious, etc.), it is apparent that this court has decided that it is proper to use the sanction of punitive damages where there has been a particularly aggravated disregard * * *' of the rights of the victim. Noe v. Kaiser Foundation Hospitals, Or., 435 P.2d 306 (1967).

Confronted with evidence from which a jury could find that Preston's conduct was an arrogant invasion of the rights of the plaintiffs, the defendants attempt to take the issue of punitive damages out of the case by asserting that one...