Dover Elevator Co. v. Industrial Claim Appeals Office of State of Colo., 97CA2155

• Decision Date: 11 June 1998
• Docket Number: No. 97CA2155,97CA2155
• Citation: 961 P.2d 1141
• Parties: 98 CJ C.A.R. 3051 DOVER ELEVATOR COMPANY and Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, Petitioners, v. The INDUSTRIAL CLAIM APPEALS OFFICE OF THE STATE OF COLORADO and Laura Dickerson, Respondents. . I
• Court: Colorado Court of Appeals

Page 1141

961 P.2d 1141

98 CJ C.A.R. 3051

DOVER ELEVATOR COMPANY and Liberty Mutual Insurance Company Petitioners, v. The INDUSTRIAL CLAIM APPEALS OFFICE OF THE STATE OF COLORADO and Laura Dickerson, Respondents.

No. 97CA2155.

Colorado Court of Appeals Div. I.

June 11, 1998.

Collins & Pringle, LLC, Patrick J. Collins, Dwight L. Pringle, Denver, for Petitioners.

No Appearance for Industrial Claim Appeals Office.

The Elliott Law Offices, James E. Elliott, Jr., Mark D. Elliott, Arvada, for Respondent Laura Dickerson.

Opinion by Judge JONES.

Petitioners, Dover Elevator Company (employer) and its insurer, Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, seek review of a final order of the Industrial Claim Appeals Office (Panel) which determined that Laura Dickerson (claimant) suffered a compensable injury. We affirm.

Claimant injured her right knee while bowling during an off-premises company Christmas party arranged by employer. The Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) found that the testimony of claimant and several witnesses, as well as an exhibit, established that attendance at the Christmas party was mandatory. The ALJ also found that, although the party was held away from the company's premises, it was at a bowling center chosen by a supervisor; that the activity occurred during normal working hours; and that the employer initiated, organized, sponsored, and paid for the party. The ALJ also found that employee morale had been low and that employer derived a benefit from the Christmas party, which was held, in part, to boost employee morale. Accordingly, the ALJ concluded that claimant's injury was compensable. On review, the Panel affirmed.

I.

In City & County of Denver v. Lee, 168 Colo. 208, 450 P.2d 352 (1969), the supreme court addressed the question whether an injury incurred by an employee engaging in a work-related recreational activity arises out of and in the course of employment. There, a police officer was compensated for an injury sustained while playing basketball on an employer-sponsored team.

Without discussing the relative weight of the factors or determining that the presence of any one factor required a conclusion that the recreational activity arose out of and occurred in the course of employment, Lee set forth a framework for analysis to determine whether a recreational-type activity arises out of and in the course of employment. City of Northglenn v. Eltrich, 908 P.2d 139 (Colo.App.1995), aff'd sub nom. Price v. Industrial Claim Appeals Office, 919 P.2d 207 (Colo.1996). That framework includes as factors to be considered: (1) whether the activity occurred during working hours; (2) whether it occurred on or off the employer's premises; (3) whether participation in it was required; (4) whether the employer initiated, organized, sponsored, or financially supported it; and (5) whether employer derived a benefit from it.

However, in 1991, the General Assembly amended the statute such that § 8-40-201(8), C.R.S.1997, now provides that the term "employment" excludes "an employee's participation in a voluntary recreational activity or program, regardless of whether the employer promoted, sponsored, or supported the recreational activity or program." See Colo. Sess. Laws 1991, ch. 219, at 1292-1293.

II.

Petitioners first contend that the ALJ and the Panel erred as a matter of law in relying upon certain Lee factors which, in their view, were abolished by the 1991 statutory amendments. Specifically, they argue that the amendments eliminated employer promotion, sponsorship, and support as relevant factors and that, therefore, evidence of such matters is not relevant in a determination of causation under § 8-40-201(8). We disagree.

In resolving questions of statutory construction, we must give words in a statute their plain and ordinary meaning unless an absurd result occurs. Snyder Oil Co. v. Embree, 862 P.2d 259 (Colo.1993). A statute must be construed to give consistent, harmonious, and sensible effect to all of its parts. Henderson v. RSI, Inc., 824 P.2d 91 (Colo.App.1991). Finally, the General Assembly is presumed to be aware of the judicial interpretation of a statute that it amends, and it is also presumed that a legislative amendment does not change the existing law further than is expressly declared or necessarily implied. Karlin v. Conard, 876 P.2d 64 (Colo.App.1993).

We agree with the Panel that, insofar as the Lee decision permitted a finding of compensability regardless of whether the claimant's participation in the activity was voluntary, the 1991 amendments to § 8-40-201(8) constitute a legislative modification of that holding. Now, the statute requires that the claimant's motive for participation in the recreational activity be determined and that compensation be denied if...