Dowden v. Fischer, 3764

• Decision Date: 29 July 1960
• Docket Number: No. 3764,3764
• Citation: 338 S.W.2d 534
• Parties: Mary Helen DOWDEN et al., Appellants, v. Jack Charles FISCHER, Appellee.
• Court: Texas Court of Appeals

Page 534

338 S.W.2d 534

Mary Helen DOWDEN et al., Appellants, v. Jack Charles FISCHER, Appellee.

No. 3764.

Court of Civil Appeals of Texas, Waco.

July 29, 1960.

Rehearing Denied Sept. 15, 1960.

Riley, Jones, Boyd & Lovelace, Waco, for appellants.

Bedford Edwards, Waco, for appellee.

WILSON, Justice.

This is an appeal from a judgment declaring invalid a Nevada District Court order as to custody of children in a divorce action, in which the Texas court vested custody in the father.

In 1958 the Nevada court rendered a final decree of divorce by which custody of children was awarded to appellee, subject to right of visitation. No question is presented as to validity of this judgment. In 1959 appellant filed in the same cause in the Nevada court, a motion for order modifying the 1958 decree as to custody and control, on the ground of change of conditions. At this time appellee and the children resided in Texas. Notice of the motion was given by serving the Nevada attorneys of record for appellee in the original divorce proceedings, and by delivering a copy of the motion and notice to appellee by mail. The Nevada attorneys filed an affidavit in the Nevada proceedings to the effect that they had reported the service of the motion to appellee's present Texas attorney of record, who told them 'you are not the legal representative of Dr. Fischer and you have not been such a legal representative since the term of the entry of the divorce decree, and such service on you is improper'; that their authority to appear on behalf of appellee 'was limited to the contemplated divorce action', and such authority thority terminated with conclusion of that terminated with conclusion of that

Thereafter, the Nevada court, after hearing, entered an order reciting that 'due notice of said hearing having been given as required by law' and appellee having failed to appear, the original decree was modified so as to award custody and control to the mother, subject to appellee's right of visitation.

Appellee promptly instituted the present action, asserting he and the children were domiciled in Texas, and that the 1959 decree was void for want of proper service of notice. The mother, as cross-plaintiff, pleaded the provisions of the 1959 order; and alternatively, changed conditions, under which she applied for a writ of habeas corpus and a decree awarding custody to her.

The trial court declared that the 1959 order of the Nevada court 'was invalid and of no force and effect and should not be recognized by this Court'; found there had been no change of condition since the rendition of the original 1958 decree; and that it would be to the best interests of the children for them to remain in appellee's custody.

In short, appellant relies on the 1959 Nevada order, under which she claims custody. Appellee, contending the latter order is invalid for lack of proper service of notice, relies on the initial divorce decree awarding him custody. Although appellant alternatively alleged change of conditions in the event the 1959 order was declared invalid, appellee does not rely on change of condition in the event it is given effect. Consequently, the correctness of the court's determination that the 1959 order was void controls the case.

The Nevada order of 1959 is such judgment on its face as is presumptively valid and entitled to full faith and credit under U. S. Constitution, art. 4, Sec. 1. James v. James, 81 Tex. 373, 16 S.W. 1087, 1088; Wilson v. Elliott, 96 Tex. 472, 73 S.W. 946, 75 S.W. 368; Rumpf v. Rumpf, 150 Tex. 475, 242 S.W.2d 416, 419; Stout v. Stout, Tex.Civ.App., 214 S.W.2d 891, writ ref.; Barber v. Barber, 323 U.S. 77, 65 S.Ct. 137, 89 L.Ed. 82; 17A Am.Jur., Sec. 993, p. 174. Although it is not a bar to subsequent proceedings to modify it in Texas, Goldsmith v. Salkey, 131 Tex. 139, 112 S.W.2d 165, 168, 116 A.L.R. 1293; Wilson v. Elliott, supra, this is not (except alternatively) a modification proceeding. The presumption of validity may be overcome by a proper showing of lack of service or appearance. Cook v. Cook, 342 U.S. 126, 72 S.Ct. 157, 96 L.Ed. 146; Sutton v. Leib, 342 U.S. 402, 72 S.Ct. 398, 96 L.Ed. 448; Williams v. State of North Carolina, 325 U.S. 226, 65 S.Ct. 1092, 89 L.Ed. 1577, 157 A.L.R. 1366; Williams v. State of North Carolina, 317 U.S. 287, 63 S.Ct. 207, 87 L.Ed. 279, 143 A.L.R. 1273; Redus v. Burnett, 59 Tex. 576.

There is no pleading or evidence in the record to show what the Nevada law is as to the manner of notice required on a motion for order modifying a child custody decree. As meeting his burden, in support of the present judgment, appellee says we should apply the presumption that Nevada law is identical with Texas law, against the judgment presumed to be valid. This we cannot do. The presumed validity of a sister state judgment cannot be overthrown by a presumption. 'The burden of undermining the verity which the Nevada decrees import rests heavily upon the assailant.' Williams v. State of North Carolina, supra [325 U.S. 226, 65 S.Ct. 1097]. If effect were to be given to the rule contended for, every sister state judgment would be vulnerable to a mere showing that the notice or service differed from that required by Texas law.

The San Antonio Court decided this contention in Liddell v. Blevins, 244 S.W.2d 335, 337, writ refused. There ...