Doyle v. CIR, 19696.

• Decision Date: 03 January 1966
• Docket Number: No. 19696.,19696.
• Citation: 354 F.2d 480
• Parties: Thomas J. DOYLE and Laura A. Doyle, Petitioners, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Ninth Circuit

354 F.2d 480 (1966)

Thomas J. DOYLE and Laura A. Doyle, Petitioners, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent.

No. 19696.

United States Court of Appeals Ninth Circuit.

January 3, 1966.

Robert E. Tout, Stockton, Cal., for petitioners.

Richard M. Roberts, Acting Asst. Atty. Gen., Lee A. Jackson, Robert N. Anderson, Lawrence B. Silver, Michel Cavanaugh, Dept. of Justice, Washington, D. C., for respondent.

Before HAMLIN, DUNIWAY, and ELY, Circuit Judges.

ELY, Circuit Judge:

Petitioners, husband and wife, claimed certain expenses, incurred in 1958 and 1959, as deductible "traveling expenses" for federal income tax purposes. The Tax Court concluded that the expenses were not deductible, and the Petition for Review followed. Our jurisdiction derives from section 7482 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954.

The petitioner husband will be called the taxpayer. In 1944, he and his family established a home in Lodi, California. The wife's family resided in that city, and since the taxpayer intended to engage himself in work on construction projects overseas, he wished his wife to be near her relatives in his absence. From 1950 through 1960, the taxpayer worked as a construction supervisor on different projects which took him to Eniwetok, Morocco, the Philippine Islands, and Panama for periods ranging in duration from five to twenty months. His family did not accompany him on these tours. He and his wife had invested approximately $150,000 in real estate which was situated in the vicinity of their home. When the taxpayer's work took him away from Lodi, his wife managed the real property, most of which was under lease.

In September, 1957, and prior thereto, Ralph M. Parsons Company was engaged in the performance of a design and supervision contract at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio. Its resident engineer at Dayton had suddenly died, and, from its headquarters in Los Angeles, California, it sent a telegram to taxpayer. This resulted in taxpayer's immediate employment to fill the vacant position. Although his new employer's contract with the Army Corps of Engineers provided that the position be occupied by an engineer, and although taxpayer did not technically meet the qualification, he was selected on the basis of his experience.

When he first went to Ohio, the taxpayer understood that his employment would be for a period of not over six months. Under the terms of the contract between the Ralph M. Parsons Company and the Army, the project was to be completed no later than November, 1958, fourteen months following taxpayer's employment. There had been delays, the work was behind schedule, and shortly after his arrival in Dayton, the taxpayer instituted more satisfactory operating procedures. The Corps of Engineers accepted taxpayer as the project's resident manager, and within three months from the beginning of his work, late in 1957, the taxpayer understood that he would remain in Ohio for a period beyond the six months which was originally estimated and, possibly, until the completion of the project. He remained until January, 1960, a total period of two years and four months. His work was terminated because of a personnel reduction made before the project was completed.

The taxpayer contends that expenses which he incurred in Ohio in 1958 and 1959 were incurred while he was "away from home" and that, hence, they were deductible "traveling expenses" within the contemplation of sections 62(2) (B)¹ and 162(a) (2)² of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954.

The Tax Court has determined, in effect, that the taxpayer was not "traveling" in 1958 and 1959. We are not persuaded that its decision, under the circumstances, is clearly erroneous.

Within three months after undertaking his work in Ohio, it became clear to taxpayer that his presence there would not be merely temporary. While he could not then foresee the precise duration of the employment, he became aware that the period would be indefinite. This may not be a controlling factor (See Harvey v. Commissioner, 283 F.2d 491 (9th Cir. 1960), but it cannot be held to be an insignificant one. Peurifoy v. Commissioner, 358 U.S. 59, 79 S.Ct. 104, 3 L.Ed.2d 30 (1958)).

If we assume that taxpayer's "home", in a tax sense, remained in California, the mere fact that the claimed expenses were incurred by the taxpayer while he was "away from home" does not, of itself, establish their deductibility. In Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Flowers, 326 U.S. 465, 66 S.Ct. 250, 90 L.Ed. 203 (1946), the Supreme Court held that, to qualify for deductibility, the expense must be incurred "while away from home", it must be incurred "in pursuit of business", and "The expense must be a reasonable and necessary traveling expense, as that term is generally understood. This includes such items as transportation fares and food and lodging expenses incurred while traveling", Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Flowers, supra at page 470, 66 S.Ct. at 252. (Emphasis added.)

Here, the Tax Court, in disallowing the claimed deductions, soundly acted within its fact-finding power. The taxpayer was not transferred by an existing employer to another location for temporary duty. Cf. Harvey v. Commissioner, supra. He accepted the position in Ohio and learned within three months that he would probably be employed there for a relatively long period of time. Our court has suggested that

"An employee might be said to change his tax home if there is a reasonable probability known to him that he may be employed for a long period of time at his new station."

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