Drope v. Owens, 88-174

• Decision Date: 20 February 1989
• Docket Number: No. 88-174,88-174
• Citation: 765 S.W.2d 8,298 Ark. 69
• Parties: Nelson DROPE, Appellant, v. Vickie Eileen OWENS, Appellee.
• Court: Arkansas Supreme Court

Page 8

765 S.W.2d 8

298 Ark. 69

Nelson DROPE, Appellant, v. Vickie Eileen OWENS, Appellee.

No. 88-174.

Supreme Court of Arkansas.

Feb. 20, 1989.

H. Vann Smith, Little Rock, for appellant.

Ralph R. Wilson, Little Rock, for appellee.

J.L. HENDREN, Special Justice.

This tort action arose out of a right-angle intersection collision between appellant's south-bound motorcycle and appellee's east-bound automobile. Jurisdiction is in this court pursuant to Rule 29(1)(o).

Plaintiff-appellant Nelson Drope sued defendant-appellee Vickie Owens for personal injuries and property damages sustained by Mr. Drope when his motorcycle struck Ms. Owens' automobile within the intersection of Warren Drive and Valley Drive in the city of Little Rock. Mr. Drope appeals from a defendant's verdict returned by a Pulaski County Circuit Court jury and the lower court's denial of his motion for a new trial.

Appellant relies upon the following two points for reversal:

I. That the [trial] court erred in refusing to allow an expert reconstructionist to testify as to the speed of the motorcycle prior to the accident.

II. That the [trial] court abused its discretion in refusing to grant a new trial in that the verdict was clearly contrary to the preponderance of the evidence and law.

Appellant's first witness was Little Rock Police Officer Timothy L. Quinn who testified concerning the investigation he made soon after the accident which had happened shortly after 5:00 P.M. on March 21, 1986. Officer Quinn described the scene including some 82 feet of skid, scuff and gouge marks in appellant's lane of traffic on Warren Drive continuing into the intersection where the impact apparently occurred. He identified photographs of the intersection made from the respective vantage points of appellant on Warren Drive and appellee on Valley Drive immediately prior to the collision. Stating it was his normal custom to question both drivers involved in an accident and to take statements from them, Officer Quinn related comments made to him by both appellant and appellee. According to Officer Quinn, appellant stated he had been going at least 45 miles per hour before the accident. Warren Drive is posted 20 miles per hour when children are present (there is a school in the area) and 30 miles per hour when children are not present.

The record shows the trial court, having received indication that appellant's second witness would be Mr. Larry Williams as an accident reconstruction expert, determined that a proffer of Mr. Williams' qualifications and testimony should be made before the court ruled on the admissibility of the evidence. In chambers, Mr. Williams stated impressive credentials and qualifications and appellant's counsel informed the Court Mr. Williams would testify concerning the speed of the motorcycle upon impact. Before ruling, the court inquired how many eyewitnesses were available and was told there would be four. Whereupon, the court ruled that Mr. Williams would not be permitted to testify "because I do not believe his testimony would aid the jury in making a determination that they are not capable of making based on eyewitness testimony."

In explaining the reasons for his ruling, the trial court stated his apparent belief that experts are frequently used to promote particular theories; that theories aren't needed when eyewitnesses are available; that if there were no eyewitnesses, there might be some value or use for specialist, technical, expert testimony; and that since all the expert could go on would be the physical findings of some other witness--such as the marks on the pavement made partly from the tires and partly from the gouge when the motorcycle turned on its side--it was the Court's view that it would be impossible for an expert to come up with a reasonable conclusion as to speed under the circumstances.

Appellant's counsel made the following proffer:

Mr. Williams would testify that, based on his examination of the police report, the number of feet of skid marks, gouges and measurements of Officer Quinn, based on his conversations with Nelson Drope and the officer, that Mr. Drope was traveling between 29 and 34 miles per hour.

The record does not disclose any specific contention to the trial court on the part of appellant that Mr. Williams' testimony was necessary to help the jurors understand some matter which was otherwise beyond their comprehension.

This court has long held, as a general rule, that attempts to reconstruct accidents by means of expert testimony are viewed with disfavor. B & J Byers Trucking, Inc. v. Robinson, 281 Ark. 442, 665 S.W.2d 258 (1984); Reed v. Humphreys, 237 Ark. 315, 373 S.W.2d 580 (1964); Waters v. Coleman, 235 Ark. 559, 361 S.W.2d 268 (1962); Henshaw v. Henderson, 235 Ark. 130, 359 S.W.2d 436 (1962); Conway v. Hudspeth, 229 Ark. 735, 318 S.W.2d 137 (1958); and Missouri Pac. Ry. Co. v. Barry, 172 Ark. 729, 290 S.W. 942 (1927). However, this court has also consistently recognized exceptions to this general rule where it appears that a particular situation is beyond the jurors' ability to understand the facts and draw their own conclusions. Price v. Watkins, 283 Ark. 502, 678 S.W.2d 762 (1984); B & J Byers Trucking, Inc. v. Robinson, supra; Wright v. Flagg, 256 Ark. 495, 508 S.W.2d 742 (1974); and Woodward v. Blythe, Adm'r, 249 Ark. 793, 462 S.W.2d 205 (1971).

It has been said that under Uniform Evidence Rule 702, the question is whether specialized knowledge will assist the jury to understand the evidence or determine a fact issue. B & J Byers Trucking, Inc. v. Robinson, supra. Whether or not a particular case should be governed by the general rule or should be treated as an exception thereto, is a matter within the trial judge's discretion to be upheld on appeal absent an abuse of that discretion. Price v. Watkins, supra; B & J Byers Trucking, Inc. v. Robinson, supra; and Parker v. State, 268 Ark. 441, 597 S.W.2d 586 (1980).

While the general rule not favoring reconstruction of accidents by expert testimony has been liberalized somewhat since enactment of the Uniform Rules of Evidence (e.g. Price v. Watkins, supra; B & J Byers Trucking, Inc. v. Robinson, supra; and Smith & Vaughn v. Davis, 281 Ark. 122, 663 S.W.2d 165 [1983] ), we have continued to follow it. In Johnson v. State, 292 Ark. 632, 732 S.W.2d 817 (1987), we said:

The general test for admissibility of expert testimony is whether the testimony will aid the trier of fact in understanding the evidence or in determining a fact issue. Unif.R.Evid. 702; B & J Byers Trucking, Inc. v. Robinson, 281 Ark. 442, 665 S.W.2d 258 (1984). An important consideration in determining whether the testimony will aid the trier of fact is whether the situation is beyond the trier of fact's ability to understand and draw its own conclusions. B & J Byers Trucking, Inc. v. Robinson, supra. Here, lay jurors were fully competent to determine whether the history given by the victim was consistent with sexual abuse.

In Missouri Pac. Ry. Co. v. Biddel, 293 Ark. 142, 732 S.W.2d 473 (1987), we said:

It is also notable that this court has taken the position that the opinion of an expert is not admissible if the point in issue is not beyond the comprehension of the jury. In St. Louis S.W. Ry. Co. v. Jackson [242 Ark. 858, 416 S.W.2d 273 (1967) ], we said:

... We have consistently held that it is prejudicial error to admit expert testimony on issues which could conveniently be demonstrated to the jury from which they could draw their own conclusions. See S & S Construction Co. v. Stacks, 241 Ark. 1096, 411 S.W.2d 508 (1967). Therefore, we hold that the trial court committed reversible error in admitting the expert testimony on the abnormally dangerous crossing.

We reaffirmed that view more recently in Russell v. State, 289 Ark. 533, 712 S.W.2d 916 (1986). While we upheld the admission of expert testimony in B & J Byers Trucking, Inc. v. Robinson, 281 Ark. 442, 665 S.W.2d 258 (1984), there the witness made computations which the jury could not have made on its own.

We agree with appellant that the record shows Mr. Williams is well qualified as an expert accident reconstructionist and that, contrary to the trial court's view, he could have formulated and expressed an opinion concerning the speed of the motorcycle based on the information available to him. However, these concerns are not controlling on the issue. We further note that the existence or non-existence of eyewitnesses in a given case is likewise not controlling. These matters are but factors to be considered in determining whether or not the testimony of an expert accident reconstructionist is admissible in a given case. In light of our previous holdings, we must agree with the trial court that, in this particular case, the matter of the speed of a motorcycle was not beyond the comprehension or understanding of the jurors. Further, we cannot say the trial court abused his discretion in determining, based upon the proffer and other matters before him, that Mr. Williams' testimony was not necessary to help the jurors understand the evidence and draw their own conclusions. Accordingly, we find no merit in appellant's first ground for reversal.

As we have said before, we now say again that the determinations of the need for an expert witness and of the expert witness' qualifications are matters lying within the trial judge's discretion, to be upheld upon appeal, absent an abuse of that discretion. With regard to accident reconstruction, the general test for admissibility is whether the testimony will aid...