Dugdale of Nebraska, Inc. v. First State Bank, Gothenburg, Neb., 86-279

• Decision Date: 04 March 1988
• Docket Number: No. 86-279,86-279
• Citation: 420 N.W.2d 273,227 Neb. 729
• Parties: , 6 UCC Rep.Serv.2d 111 DUGDALE OF NEBRASKA, INC., a Missouri Corporation, Appellant, v. FIRST STATE BANK, GOTHENBURG, NEBRASKA, a Nebraska Banking Corporation, Appellee.
• Court: Nebraska Supreme Court

Page 273

420 N.W.2d 273

227 Neb. 729, 6 UCC Rep.Serv.2d 111

DUGDALE OF NEBRASKA, INC., a Missouri Corporation, Appellant, v. FIRST STATE BANK, GOTHENBURG, NEBRASKA, a Nebraska Banking Corporation, Appellee.

No. 86-279.

Supreme Court of Nebraska.

March 4, 1988.

Syllabus by the Court

1. Evidence: Appeal and Error. Where the parties stipulate to all the facts at trial, the Supreme Court reviews the case as if trying it originally in order to determine whether the facts warranted the judgment.

2. Certificate of Title: Motor Vehicles: Fraud. The certificate of title act, Neb.Rev.Stat. §§ 60-101 et seq. (Reissue 1984), was enacted to protect vehicle owners, lien holders, and the public against fraud.

3. Uniform Commercial Code: Sales: Motor Vehicles. The provisions of Neb.U.C.C. art. 2 (Reissue 1980) governing sales are applicable to the sale of a motor vehicle.

4. Statutes. Statutes which relate to the same subject, although enacted at different times, are in pari materia and should be construed together.

5. Statutes: Legislature: Presumptions: Intent: Appeal and Error. In construing a statute, the Supreme Court will presume that the Legislature intended a sensible rather than an absurd result.

6. Motor Vehicles: Debtors and Creditors: Certificate of Title: Sales. A dealer having the authority to expose vehicles for sale in the ordinary course of business binds his financier to deliver title to any vehicle so sold, whether or not the dealer remits the proceeds to his financier. A buyer in the ordinary course of business in this limited circumstance is not within the intended purview of Neb.Rev.Stat. § 60-105 (Reissue 1984).

Scott H. Trusdale of Trusdale & Trusdale, P.C., Cozad, for appellant.

Richard G. Kopf of Cook, Kopf & Doyle, P.C., Lexington, for appellee.

Andrew E. Grimm of Dwyer, Pohren, Wood, Heavey & Grimm, Omaha, for amicus curiae Ford Motor Credit Co.

HASTINGS, C.J., BOSLAUGH, WHITE, CAPORALE, SHANAHAN, GRANT, and FAHRNBRUCH, JJ.

WHITE, Justice.

This is an appeal by the plaintiff, Dugdale of Nebraska, Inc. (Dugdale), from a decision of the district court for Dawson County. Dugdale brought an action seeking a declaratory judgment as to its ownership rights to a 1985 Ford LTD Crown Victoria. Dugdale claimed ownership rights by virtue of having paid good and valuable consideration to Vannier Ford, Inc., and having taken possession of the vehicle from Vannier Ford. The defendant, First State Bank, cross-petitioned, claiming ownership of the vehicle by virtue of its possession of the manufacturer's certificate of origin and, subsequently, possession of the certificate of title to the vehicle. The cross-petition also sought declaratory relief. The case was tried upon stipulated facts.

Roger Swenson is the vice president in charge of operations and manager of the beef processing plant owned by Dugdale, located in Norfolk, Nebraska. In the 9 years prior to this lawsuit, Swenson purchased nearly 100 vehicles for Dugdale from Vannier Ford. On one previous occasion Vannier Ford had been a few days late in delivering a certificate of origin for a vehicle purchased by Swenson.

On March 11, 1985, Dugdale purchased from Vannier Ford a 1985 Ford LTD Crown Victoria. Dugdale traded a 1984 vehicle and paid $2,890 cash for the car. The car was one of six cars purchased that year to be used by Dugdale's cattle buyers.

On the day that the vehicle was delivered, Swenson was informed by Don Vannier, president of Vannier Ford, that the title papers to the vehicle had not yet been received. Thereafter, Swenson made numerous inquiries regarding the title papers. Each time he was told that the certificate of origin either had not yet arrived or was lost, and various promises to deliver the papers were made. Swenson received no answer from Vannier Ford's business number in his final attempt to attain the certificate of origin. Shortly thereafter, approximately 2 months after taking delivery of the vehicle, First State Bank contacted Swenson and made demand for possession of the vehicle.

Approximately 5 days before selling the vehicle to Dugdale, Vannier Ford pledged the 1985 Ford LTD Crown Victoria to First State Bank as collateral for an $11,636.51 loan. Vannier Ford delivered the manufacturer's certificate of origin to the bank pursuant to the loan. The car was also subject to a previous security agreement with the bank. Vannier Ford defaulted on the loan, and the bank applied for and received a certificate of title, pursuant to Neb.Rev.Stat. § 60-111 (Reissue 1984).

It is apparent from these facts that Vannier Ford perpetrated fraud against both parties to this lawsuit. Vannier Ford falsely represented clear title in the sale to Dugdale and at the same time defrauded the bank by selling collateral pledged for a loan.

The district court found that the plaintiff, Dugdale, never acquired proper and legal title to the vehicle and, as such, could not claim ownership under Nebraska law. The court relied upon Neb.Rev.Stat. § 60-105 (Reissue 1984), which states in relevant part as follows:

No person ... acquiring a motor vehicle ... shall acquire any right, title, claim, or interest in or to such motor vehicle ... until he shall have had delivered to him physical possession of such motor vehicle ... and a certificate of title or a manufacturer's or importer's certificate.... No court in any case at law or in equity shall recognize the right, title, claim, or interest of any person in or to any motor vehicle ... unless there is compliance with this section.

The court further found that ownership of the vehicle is vested in the defendant, First State Bank.

Since all of the facts were submitted by stipulation, we review this case as if trying it originally in order to determine whether the facts warranted the judgment. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Budd, 185 Neb. 343, 175 N.W.2d 621 (1970).

The appellant presents six assignments of error, which can be summarized as follows: (1) Dugdale should have been free of the bank's security interest, since it was a buyer in the ordinary course of business, and § 60-105 should not have been applied to defeat that status on these facts; and (2) the bank failed to comply with Neb.U.C.C. § 9-403 (Cum.Supp.1986) (security agreements) and § 60-111 (repossession) and therefore had no security interest or ownership interest in the vehicle.

In 1939 the Nebraska Legislature passed into law the certificate of title act. See Neb.Rev.Stat. §§ 60-101 et seq. (Reissue 1984). The act is very similar to the certificate of title act in Ohio and was adopted to protect vehicle owners, lien holders, and the public against fraud. Securities Credit Corp. v. Pindell, 153 Neb. 298, 44 N.W.2d 501 (1950). We have said that the certificate of title act is the exclusive means of transferring title, and a purchaser who takes possession of a motor vehicle without receiving a certificate of title acquires no ownership of the vehicle. Boren v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 225 Neb. 503, 406 N.W.2d 640 (1987); State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Royal Ins. Co., 222 Neb. 13, 382 N.W.2d 2 (1986); State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Fitzgerald, 214 Neb. 226, 334 N.W.2d 168 (1983); The Cornhusker Bank of Omaha v. McNamara, 205 Neb. 504, 288 N.W.2d 287 (1980); Weiss v. Union Ins. Co., 202 Neb. 469, 276 N.W.2d 88 (1979); Wolfson Car Leasing Co., Inc. v. Weberg, 200 Neb. 420, 264 N.W.2d 178 (1978); First Nat. Bank & Trust Co. v. Ohio Cas. Ins. Co., 196 Neb. 595, 244 N.W.2d 209 (1976); Forman v. Anderson, 183 Neb. 715, 163 N.W.2d 894 (1969). None of these cases except Boren involved a claimant who was a buyer in the ordinary course of business, as defined by Neb.U.C.C. § 1-201(9) (Reissue 1980). Although the claimant in Boren was apparently a buyer in the ordinary course, that case did not involve an ownership dispute between a purchaser and a dealer's financier. As such, this is a caseof first impression in Nebraska.

Within the limitations set forth in Neb.U.C.C. § 2-102 (Reissue 1980), the provisions of Neb.U.C.C. art. 2 (Reissue 1980) governing sales are applicable to the sale of a motor vehicle. See § 2-105(1). Section 2-312 provides that a seller warrants that he will convey good title free from any security interest or lien or encumbrance of which the buyer has no actual knowledge. This warranty, which arises as a matter of law, can only be modified or excluded by specific language or by circumstances which put the buyer on notice that the seller's claim to title is limited or nonexistent. See § 2-312(2). In the contract between Vannier Ford and Dugdale there is no language which excludes or modifies the warranty of title, nor were the circumstances such that Dugdale had reason to know that Vannier Ford did not claim title. In fact, just the opposite is true. At the time of the contract for sale Vannier Ford represented, and continued to represent, to Dugdale that the certificate of origin would be delivered.

Section 2-403 provides as follows:

(2) Any entrusting of possession of goods to a merchant for purposes of sale who deals in goods of that kind gives him power to transfer all rights of the entruster to a buyer in ordinary course of business.

(3) "Entrusting" includes any delivery and any acquiescence in retention of possession regardless of any condition expressed between the parties to the delivery or acquiescence and regardless of whether the procurement of the entrusting or the possessor's disposition of the goods have [sic] been such as to be larcenous under the criminal law.

It was stipulated that Dwight Stubbs and Marion Tatum, each an officer and director of First State Bank, would have testified that no one from the bank authorized Vannier Ford to sell the vehicle. The record indicates, however, that the vehicle remained in the possession of Vannier Ford, a licensed dealer. Under § 2-403 the bank entrusted possession of the vehicle to Vannier Ford, and as such Vannier had the...