Durkin v. Benedor, 98-55846

• Decision Date: 09 March 2000
• Docket Number: No. 98-55846,98-55846
• Citation: 204 F.3d 1276
• Parties: (9th Cir. 2000) In re: G.I. INDUSTRIES, INC., a Utah corporation, p/k/a Yellow Rose Corporation; CONEJO ENTERPRISES,INC., a California corporation, Debtors. RONALD L. DURKIN, Chapter 11 Trustee for G.I. Industries, Inc., and Conejo Enterprises, Inc., OPINION Plaintiff-Appellee, v. BENEDOR CORPORATION, Defendant-Appellant
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Ninth Circuit

Page 1276

204 F.3d 1276 (9th Cir. 2000)

In re: G.I. INDUSTRIES, INC., a Utah corporation, p/k/a Yellow Rose Corporation; CONEJO ENTERPRISES,INC., a California corporation, Debtors. RONALD L. DURKIN, Chapter 11 Trustee for G.I. Industries, Inc., and Conejo Enterprises, Inc., OPINION Plaintiff-Appellee, v. BENEDOR CORPORATION, Defendant-Appellant.

No. 98-55846

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

Argued and Submitted December 9, 1999

Filed March 9, 2000

[Copyrighted Material Omitted] Sara Pfrommer and David J. Richardson, Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton, Los Angeles, California, for the defendant-appellant.

William H. Hair, Gerald M. Etchingham, and Susan M. Seemiller, Nordman, Cormany, Hair & Compton, Oxnard, California, for the plaintiff-appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California; William J. Rea, District Judge, Presiding. D.C. No. CV-97-03571-WJR

Before: Melvin Brunetti and A. Wallace Tashima, Circuit Judges, and William W Schwarzer, ¹ District Judge.

BRUNETTI, Circuit Judge:

This appeal arises out of an executory contract between Conejo Enterprises, Inc., ("Conejo") and Benedor Corporation ("Benedor"). Conejo's trustee, Ronald L. Durkin ("the trustee"), filed a motion with the bankruptcy court to reject the contract. The bankruptcy court approved the rejection, finding that the contract was "burdensome and onerous to Conejo." Based on the rejection, Benedor submitted a proof of claim to the bankruptcy court, arguing that the rejection of an executory contract creates a statutory breach of contract action under 11 U.S.C. S 365(g) that is independent of the underlying contract's validity. The bankruptcy court disagreed and found that the contract was invalid following a five-day trial on the merits. The district court affirmed the bankruptcy court's judgment on appeal. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. S 158(d), and we affirm.

I.

In May 1993, the parties entered into an agreement that required Conejo to deliver a specified amount of "greenwaste" to Benedor for disposal every day over a twenty-one year period. The entire agreement consisted of a one-page chart entitled "GI Proposal" ("agreement") that specified only the amount of greenwaste that Conejo was required to deliver to Benedor and the price of Benedor's disposal services. The agreement required Conejo to pay $20 for each ton of greenwaste ("tipping fees") specified in the contract, regardless of whether the greenwaste was actually delivered to Benedor for disposal. Benedor was the only party that signed the agreement.

Approximately three months after entering into the agreement, Benedor sued Conejo in California state court, alleging a state law breach of contract claim based upon Conejo's failure to pay the required $20 "tipping fees." Although the total damages under the agreement amount to only $26 million, Benedor argued that it was entitled to more than $63 million in damages due to Conejo's breach of a separate exclusivity agreement.

Conejo filed a petition for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in May 1994, and immediately attempted to remove the California state action to the bankruptcy court. See Benedor Corp. v. Conejo Enters., Inc. (In re Conejo Enters., Inc.) , 96 F.3d 346, 349 (9th Cir. 1996) ("Conejo II"). The bankruptcy court originally granted Conejo's motion. However, on appeal, the district court remanded the breach of contract action to the state court based upon the mandatory abstention doctrine. See id. The district court's order was later affirmed because this Court held that a district court's remand order is not reviewable on appeal. See id. at 351.

Following the failure to remove the state court action, the trustee filed a motion with the bankruptcy court to reject the agreement in May 1994. The bankruptcy court granted the trustee's motion, finding that the contract was "burdensome and onerous to Conejo" and that the rejection was "within the sound business judgment" of the trustee.

Benedor responded to the rejection by filing a proof of claim based upon 11 U.S.C. S 365(g), the provision governing rejected executory contracts and unexpired leases. The trustee objected to Benedor's proof of claim, arguing that the contract was unenforceable against Conejo. As a result, the bankruptcy court proceeded with a five-day trial that inquired into the validity of the agreement. The bankruptcy court ultimately disallowed Benedor's entire claim under 11 U.S.C. S 502(b)(1), finding that the agreement was unenforceable due to a lack of mutual intent between the parties and a lack of consideration. The district court affirmed the bankruptcy court's judgment disallowing the claim. This appeal followed.

II.

The bankruptcy court's interpretation of the Bankruptcy Code is reviewed de novo, see California Franchise Tax Bd. v. Jackson (In re Jackson), 184 F.3d 1046, 1050 (9th Cir. 1999), and we review the district court's decisions on an appeal from the bankruptcy court de novo applying the same standard of review applied by the district court. See id. We review the bankruptcy court's findings of fact for clear error. See Levander v. Prober (In re Levander), 180 F.3d 1114, 1118 (9th Cir. 1999).

A.

Benedor first contends that the bankruptcy court lacked jurisdiction to consider the validity of the agreement because it had already approved the trustee's rejection of the contract, creating a conclusive statutory breach of contract claim in favor of Benedor. Benedor's argument, however, is flawed because the bankruptcy court's authority to consider the validity of a rejected contract is not a jurisdictional matter. Rather, the question of whether the bankruptcy court may inquire into the validity of the rejected contract is a substantive issue of statutory interpretation under 11 U.S.C. SS 365, 502.

We review de novo whether the bankruptcy court possessed subject matter jurisdiction to enter a judgment. See Vylene Enters., Inc. v. Naugles, Inc. (In re Vylene Enters.), 90 F.3d 1472, 1475 (9th Cir. 1996). While the bankruptcy court does not have jurisdiction over the breach of contract claim filed in California state court, see Conejo II , 96 F.3d at 350, the bankruptcy court does have core jurisdiction over the proof of claim filed by Benedor in the bankruptcy proceeding. See id. at 353 ("[I]f Benedor filed a proof of claim, the bankruptcy court would have core jurisdiction over the claim under 28 U.S.C. S 157(b)(2)(B), allowance or disallowance of claims.").

The plain language of the Bankruptcy Code supports the bankruptcy court's jurisdiction in this case. A bankruptcy court is allowed to "hear and determine all cases under title 11 and all core proceedings arising under title 11, . . . and may enter appropriate orders and judgments." 28 U.S.C. S 157(b)(1). The filing of a proof of claim is the prototypical situation involving the "allowance or disallowance of claims against the estate," a core proceeding under 28 U.S.C. S 157(b)(2). See, e.g., Continental Nat'l Bank v. Sanchez (In re Toledo), 170 F.3d 1340, 1349-50 (11th Cir. 1999) (stating that a proof of claim is within the bankruptcy court's jurisdiction even if the underlying claim is based on state law); Wood v. Wood (In re Wood), 825 F.2d 90, 97 (5th Cir. 1987) ("[A] claim filed against the estate is a core proceeding because it could arise only in the context of a bankruptcy."). Therefore, there is no question that the bankruptcy court had jurisdiction over the proof of claim itself because it is a core matter; rather, the issue is whether the bankruptcy court had jurisdiction to determine the validity of the underlying agreement supporting Benedor's claim.

By filing the proof of claim, Benedor voluntarily subjected the agreement to the bankruptcy court's jurisdiction as well, because the agreement is an integral component of the bankruptcy court's consideration of Benedor's claim. Under Bankr. Rule 3001, a creditor filing a proof of claim must attach a copy of the underlying contract to establish prima facie evidence of the validity of the contract. This requirement would be meaningless unless the bankruptcy court's jurisdiction extended to consideration of the underlying contract supporting the claim. In other words, a bankruptcy court can only consider an objection to a claim and thus overcome the presumption of its validity by examining the contract itself and the circumstances surrounding its formation. See Ashford v. Consolidated Pioneer Mortgage (In re Consolidated Pioneer Mortgage), 178 B.R. 222, 226 (9th Cir. BAP 1995) ("Upon the filing of an objection, the objecting party`must produce evidence tending to defeat the claim that is of a probative force equal to that of the creditor's proof of claim.' ") (quoting In re Simmons, 765 F.2d 547, 552 (5th Cir. 1985)), aff'd without opinion, 91 F.3d 151 (9th Cir. 1996).

Thus, the district court correctly concluded that "[t]he determination of the validity of the contract for the purposes of disallowing the 502(g) based claim, is basically a non-core issue of state breach of contract being subsumed into a core proceeding (regarding allowance of claim) and thereby coming under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court."

B.

Benedor's second contention is that the trustee lacks standing to challenge the validity of a rejected contract. Specifically, Benedor points to the general rule that an executory contract does not become part of the bankruptcy estate unless the trustee affirmatively assumes it. See Otto Preminger Films, Ltd. v. Quintex Entertainment, Inc. (In re Quintex Entertainment, Inc.), 950 F.2d 1492, 1495 (9th Cir. 1991). Therefore, Benedor argues, the trustee lacks standing to object to any contract that is not part of the bankruptcy estate. See Chbat v. Tleel (In re Tleel), 876 F.2d 769, 770 (9th Cir. 1989). Benedor's argument would be meritorious if the trustee was attempting to challenge the contract and Benedor had failed to file a proof...