Eldred v. Johnson

• Decision Date: 01 April 1905
• Citation: 86 S.W. 670,75 Ark. 1
• Parties: ELDRED v. JOHNSON
• Court: Arkansas Supreme Court

86 S.W. 670

75 Ark. 1

ELDRED v. JOHNSON

Supreme Court of Arkansas

April 1, 1905

Appeal from Prairie Circuit Court, GEORGE M. CHAPLINE, Judge.

Affirmed.

STATEMENT BY THE COURT.

In 1893 A. H. Johnson was the owner of a tract of land in Prairie County containing about ninety-one acres. Johnson was a nonresident of the State, and the land was in the possession of his tenant, G. W. Miller. E. B. Eldred also claimed title to this land, and in April, 1893, he brought an action of ejectment against Miller, the tenant, who was in possession of the land. Miller made no defense, and a judgment by default was taken against him at the September term of the Prairie Circuit Court for the possession of the land. Afterwards Johnson brought suit in equity to set the judgment aside, and to be allowed to defend his title, alleging that there was never any legal service on Miller, but that the attorney who represented Eldred procured the judgment by representing to the court that the return of the sheriff showed a legal service upon the defendant, Miller. He further alleged that he had no notice of the suit until after the term of court at which it was rendered, and had no opportunity to appear and defend. On the hearing this complaint was dismissed for want of equity. Subsequently he brought suit at law to recover the land, but took a nonsuit and within a year afterwards this action was brought by his son and daughter, Johnson having died and they being his only heirs. Eldred, among other defenses, set up the two judgments above referred to as conclusive against the right of Johnson to recover. The circuit court overruled this contention, and gave judgment for the plaintiffs. Eldred appealed.

Judgment affirmed.

P. C Dooley and Wilson & Wall, for appellants.

The action was properly brought and prosecuted. Sand. & H. Dig. § 2571; 30 Ark. 110; 32 Ark. 304; Sedg. & W. L. Titles, § 537; 1 Am. & Eng. Enc. Law, 419; 29 Ark. 99; 136 Ill. 135; 29 Ill. 553; 75 Ill. 139; 66 Ill. 439; 115 Ill. 289; 15 Wend. 427; 49 Ark. 397; 20 Ark. 251; 19 Ark. 447; 79 Me. 351; 104 Mich. 228; 46 Ill. 169; 116 Ind. 380; 47 Ill. 142; 139 Ill. 280; 45 Cal. 592; 36 Cal. 303; 21 Cal. 309; 53 Ga. 94; 46 Mo. 444; 36 Tex. 657. Appellee Johnson was estopped by her former suit. 54 Ark. 539; 49 Ark. 397; 12 Ark. 376; 24 Ark. 401; 142 U.S. 410; 152 U.S. 343; 89 F. 651; 33 La.Ann. 619; 102 N.Y. 452; 60 N.W. 806; 38 N.H. 806; 112 Ill. 168; 116 Ill. 99; 125 U.S. 689; 32 P. 348; 75 Ia. 646; 131 Mo. 607; 23 Neb. 844; 83 Va. 753; 48 Me. 140; 19 Ark. 420. The exceptions of appellant should have been sustained. 156 U.S. 691; 95 Ala. 514; 102 U.S. 415.

John L. Ingram and George C. Lewis, for appellees.

Appellant's chain of title was void. 22 Ark. 531. A judgment in ejectment against a tenant does not conclude the title of the landlord. 2 Black, Judg. § 577; Sedg. & W. Trial T. 393; 9 S.W. 239; 46 S.W. 55; 64 S.W. 570; 114 Ga. 1005; 115 Ala. 129; 126 Ind. 497; 5 Sneed, 105. The doctrine of res judicata does not apply. 24 Am. & Eng. Enc. Law, 768; 55 Ark. 286; 70 Ark. 200; 158 U.S. 216; 160 Ill. 631; 14 Mont. 31; 3 N. Dak. 220; 84 F. 103; 94 U.S. 608; Freem. Judg. § 276.

P. C. Dooley and Wilson & Wall, for appellants in reply.

The judgment against the tenant of Johnson was conclusive against Johnson. 20 Ark. 251; 19 Ark. 447; 5 Watts, 325; 79 Me. 351; 49 Me. 124; 27 Me. 530; 34 N.H. 187; 104 Mich. 228; 47 Ill. 142; 49 Cal. 213; 21 Cal. 309; 28 Cal. 151; 53 Ga. 94; 40 Mo. 444.

OPINION

RIDDICK, J., (after stating the facts.)

This is an appeal from a judgment against the defendant in an action of ejectment. The judgment was clearly right unless the plaintiffs are estopped by certain judgments set out in the answer of the defendant. One of these judgments was a judgment for the recovery of the possession of this land rendered in an action brought by the defendant here against a tenant of the ancestor of plaintiffs, but to which action the ancestor was not made a party. The other judgment was rendered in an action in equity brought by the ancestor of plaintiffs to have this judgment against his tenant set aside on account of fraud in the procurement of it. The prayer of the complaint in this action in equity was that the judgment at law against the tenant for possession be set aside, and that the plaintiff be made a party to the suit at law, and be permitted to make defense thereto. The allegations of fraud were denied, and on the hearing this action was dismissed for want of equity. As the plaintiff in it did not ask the court to pass on his title, but only that it should set aside and vacate the judgment against his tenant rendered in the action at law, and permit plaintiff to defend his title in the action at law, it is plain that a decision that there was no equity in the complaint did not involve the question of title to this land; for there are many reasons why the court may have concluded that the action in equity could not be maintained, regardless of whether the plaintiff had title to the land or not. That judgment may have been based on the belief of the chancellor that the former judgment against the tenant was a valid judgment for the possession of the land as against the tenant, and that there were no grounds for a court of equity to enjoin the enforcement of it; or it may have been based on the belief that as plaintiff was not estopped by such judgment, he had adequate remedies at law, and that on that ground alone there was no occasion for the interposition of a court of equity. In any event, the judgment of dismissal was not a decision that the ancestor of the plaintiffs had no title and no right to the possession of the land, for the court was not asked to pass on those questions, and it did not estop plaintiffs from bringing this action, and the circuit court properly so held.

The next question is whether plaintiffs are estopped by the judgment in the action of ejectment brought by the defendant here against the tenant of their ancestor. Under our statute, ejectment, being a possessory action, may be brought against the tenant in possession; and where judgment for possession of the land is taken against the tenant, the landlord is bound by the judgment to the extent that he loses the possession of his land. Possession itself is often a valuable right, and, in order that the landlord may not lose possession without an opportunity to appear and defend his title, and that he may protect the interests of his tenant as well as of himself, the statute makes it the duty of the tenant to give notice of the action to the landlord. Kirby's Dig. § 4693. When the landlord is thus notified, it is his duty to defend the action for the tenant. If he fails to do so, there would be good reasons for holding that, in any future action between the tenant and the landlord growing out of the tenancy, the judgment of eviction against the tenant would be conclusive against the landlord; for where one person responsible over to another is notified by that other of the pendency of an action against him touching the subject-matter for which he is responsible, then the judgment will bind him, whether he appears or not, in any future action between him and the party to whom he is responsible. Davis v. Smith, 79 Me. 351, 10 A. 55; 2 Black on Judgments, § 574.

But while this rule might apply in an action between the landlord and the tenant for the rents, it would not apply in an action against him touching the subject-matter for which he is and was in no way bound. When the defendant in this case brought an action of ejectment against the tenant of plaintiff's ancestor, the ancestor owed him no duty to appear and defend the action, and he has no right to set up this judgment against the tenant by default as an estoppel against the landlord or those claiming under him where he did not make the landlord a party to the action. It is true that there are decisions in other States which seem to hold that where the landlord is notified he is bound by the judgment against the tenant. But the general rule is that judgments bind only parties to actions and persons in privity with them. While there is a contractual relation between the landlord and tenant, the landlord does not hold under the tenant, and we see no reason why a judgment by default against the tenant in an action of ejectment to which the landlord was not a party should preclude him from setting up his title to the land. We believe the correct rule to be that a judgment against the tenant is not, so far as the title to the land is concerned, conclusive against the landlord, or those claiming under him, when he was not made ...