Elisa Dreier Reporting Corp.. v. Global Naps Networks Inc.

• Decision Date: 26 April 2011
• Parties: ELISA DREIER REPORTING CORP., doing business as First Reporting Corp., appellant,v.GLOBAL NAPS NETWORKS, INC., et al., respondents.
• Court: New York Supreme Court — Appellate Division

84 A.D.3d 122

921 N.Y.S.2d 329

2011 N.Y. Slip Op. 03543

ELISA DREIER REPORTING CORP., doing business as First Reporting Corp., appellant,

v.GLOBAL NAPS NETWORKS, INC., et al., respondents.

Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Second Department, New York.

April 26, 2011.

The Roth Law Firm, PLLC, New York, N.Y. (Richard A. Roth of counsel), for appellant.MARK C. DILLON, J.P., THOMAS A. DICKERSON, L. PRISCILLA HALL, and LEONARD B. AUSTIN, JJ.AUSTIN, J.

On this appeal, we are asked to determine whether a court reporting agency may recover payment for services rendered directly from the client instead of being limited to pursuing the attorney who, as the client's agent, engaged the agency. For the reasons set forth below, we hold that although a court reporting agency may obtain payment for services rendered directly from the attorney who engaged it, a court reporting agency is not precluded from recovering those fees directly from the client.

A. Background

The plaintiff, Elisa Dreier Reporting Corp., doing business as First Reporting Corp., was hired by Dreier LLP, then-counsel for the defendants, Global NAPS Networks, Inc., and Global NAPS, Inc., to provide reporting services during a series of depositions taken in connection with an action brought by the defendants against Verizon New England. The depositions were taken during the time period of August through December 2008.

Prior to paying the plaintiff for its reporting services, Dreier, LLP, filed for bankruptcy and was dissolved. It is undisputed that the plaintiff never received payment for the reporting services it rendered.

When the plaintiff contacted the defendants for payment, the defendants refused to pay, alleging that Dreier, LLP, was responsible for paying the plaintiff. The defendants had engaged Dreier, LLP, to represent them in several different lawsuits, including an action entitled Global NAPS v. Verizon New England. A letter of engagement executed by the defendants set forth the terms of their relationship with Dreier, LLP. According to the letter of engagement, costs relating to transcript charges would be billed to the defendants. The arrangement between Dreier, LLP, and the defendants also provided, that, starting February 2008, the defendants would pay Dreier, LLP, the sum of $100,000 per month to be applied towards outstanding invoices. Any excess would be retained by Dreier, LLP, to be applied towards future invoices.

Pursuant to this engagement agreement, the defendants alleged that Dreier, LLP, was responsible for paying the plaintiff, since any payments owed to the plaintiff were or should have been paid from the $100,000 monthly payments received by Dreier, LLP, from the defendants. As a result of the defendants' refusal to pay, the plaintiff commenced this action against them seeking to recover the sum of $41,393.81 for unpaid reporting services.

The defendants moved, inter alia, to dismiss the complaint pursuant to CPLR 3211(a)(7). The Supreme Court, in effect, granted that branch of the defendants' motion which was to dismiss the complaint pursuant to CPLR 3211(a)(7). The court held that Dreier, LLP, as the attorney who hired the plaintiff, was responsible for paying the plaintiff's fees, and not the defendants, on the basis that there was no contractual relationship between the plaintiff and the defendants. The plaintiff appeals.

We reverse and find that the plaintiff has sufficiently stated a cause of action to recover damages for breach of contract.

B. The Law Prior to General Business Law § 399–cc

Prior to the enactment of General Business Law § 399–cc in 2005, the circumstances under which an attorney would be responsible for paying court reporter costs was resolved differently in the First and Second Departments.

Initially, the prevailing rule in New York was that, absent an agreement providing otherwise, an attorney could not be held personally liable for the services of a court reporter ( see Bonynge v. Field, 81 N.Y. 159). This rule developed out of the traditional agency concept that an agent could not be held responsible for services it ordered on behalf of its principal when that relationship was disclosed ( see Matter of May, 27 N.Y.2d 529, 530, 312 N.Y.S.2d 999, 261 N.E.2d 109; Bonynge v. Field, 81 N.Y. at 160; Urban Ct. Reporting v. Davis, 158 A.D.2d 401, 401, 551 N.Y.S.2d 235).

Following this precedent, this Court held that “an attorney is only an agent for his or her client, and thus is not responsible for the court reporter's fee, unless the attorney assumed that responsibility” ( Sullivan v. Greene & Zinner, 283 A.D.2d 420, 420, 723 N.Y.S.2d 869, citing Bonynge v. Field, 81 N.Y. 159; see Mantell v. Samuelson, 4 Misc.3d 134[A], 2004 N.Y. Slip Op. 50765[U], 2004 WL 1587555, *1 [App. Term, 9th & 10th Jud. Dists. 2004]; Beizer v. Golub, 2003 N.Y. Slip Op. 50907[U], 2003 WL 21436328, *1 [App. Term, 2d & 11th Jud. Dists. 2003]; Rizzo v. Matturro, 2002 N.Y. Slip Op. 40549[U], 2002 WL 31957662, *1 [App. Term, 2d & 11th Jud. Dists. 2002]; Appeal Press & Service Co., Inc. v. Denby, 2001 N.Y. Slip Op. 40664[U], 2001 WL 1807732, *1 [App. Term, 9th & 10th Jud. Dists. 2001] ).

In 1990, in Urban Ct. Reporting v. Davis, 158 A.D.2d 401, 551 N.Y.S.2d 235, the First Department departed from this line of reasoning, stating that “contrary authority notwithstanding,”

“[W]e think an attorney who, on his client's behalf, obtains goods or services in connection with litigation should be held personally liable unless the attorney expressly disclaims such responsibility [as][i]t seems to us to be more equitable to hold the attorney liable in the absence of his express indication to the contrary, since the attorney may avoid liability by the simple expedient of indicating to the reporting service or other provider of services that the client and not the attorney is liable for the obligations incurred” ( id. at 402, 551 N.Y.S.2d 235).

Moreover, the First Department opined that “this view takes into account modern litigation practices, under which the attorney orchestrates and manages the litigation and the reporting service looks to the attorney for direction as well as payment” ( id. at 402, 551 N.Y.S.2d 235). Nevertheless, the First Department found it significant to state that the “[a]doption of this rule would not absolve the client of liability since payment for litigation costs is ultimately the responsibility of the client” ( id.).

Thus, before the enactment of General Business Law § 399–cc, the rule in the First Department was that an attorney would be liable to pay court reporter costs unless the attorney expressly disclaimed responsibility. Conversely, the rule in the Second Department was that the attorney was liable to pay such costs only if the attorney assumed responsibility therefor.

C. Post-enactment of General Business Law § 399–cc

Effective November 15, 2005, General Business Law § 399–cc was enacted, adopting the rule as set forth in the First Department's line of cases.

General Business Law § 399–cc states that an attorney who engages a reporting service to transcribe a deposition will be responsible to pay for those services except where payment for those services is provided by law, the attorney is providing representation through a not-for-profit provider, or the attorney expressly disclaims responsibility in writing at the time the attorney orders such services ( see General Business Law § 399–cc).

The legislative intent of the statute was to protect court reporters in the event they are unable to recover payment for their services ( see 2005 N.Y. Senate–Assembly Bill S4985, A8140). “Although most attorneys see that stenographers are paid for the professional services that are provided at the request of such attorneys, there have been instances where an attorney refuses to pay the stenographer and seeks to transfer the responsibility to a client the stenographer has never dealt with and in some instances may have no knowledge of the services being provided” ( id.). Since the attorney is often in the best position to pay the court reporter, the statute places the burden on the attorney to pay court reporter costs given that “it is both illogical and unnecessary to compel a reporter (stenographer) to proceed against a client he or she has not dealt with, probably never saw and, undoubtedly, would have difficulty locating” ( id., quoting Beizer v. Goldberg, N.Y.L.J., June 10, 1988, at 28, cols. 2, 4 [Goldstein, J.] ). Although the statute holds the attorney presumptively liable for paying the costs of court reporting services, it does not abrogate the client's obligation to pay for the services rendered on its behalf.

D. Discussion

On a motion to dismiss a complaint pursuant to CPLR 3211(a)(7) for failure to state a cause of action, the court must determine whether, accepting the facts alleged in the complaint as true and according the plaintiff the benefit of every possible inference, the facts as alleged fit within any cognizable legal theory ( see Leon v. Martinez, 84 N.Y.2d 83, 87, 614 N.Y.S.2d 972, 638 N.E.2d 511).

The...