Elliott v. State

• Decision Date: 07 December 1923
• Parties: ELLIOTT v. STATE.
• Court: Tennessee Supreme Court

256 S.W. 431

148 Tenn. 414

ELLIOTT v. STATE.

Supreme Court of Tennessee.

December 7, 1923

Error to Circuit Court, Carter County; D. A. Vines, Judge.

Landon Elliott was convicted of unlawfully storing intoxicating liquors for purposes of sale, and he brings error. Reversed and remanded for new trial.

Wm. H Swiggart, Jr., Asst. Atty. Gen., for the State.

GREEN C.J.

The plaintiff in error was found guilty of unlawfully storing intoxicating liquors for purposes of sale, and has appealed in error to this court.

The conviction rests upon evidence obtained through the instrumentality of a search warrant, which it is said was improperly issued. The search warrant is attacked for a number of reasons; among others, because it was issued upon an affidavit made "on information and belief." It is conceded by the state that such an affidavit is insufficient. 24 R. C. L. 708, and cases collected in note 13 A. L. R. 1318.

The relevant provisions of our Code are as follows:

"No search warrant can be issued but upon probable cause supported by affidavit naming or describing the person, and particularly describing the property and the place to be searched." Thompson's Shannon's Code, § 7297.

"The affidavit shall set forth the facts tending to establish the grounds of the application, or probable cause for believing that they exist." Thompson's Shannon's Code, § 7299.

From the foregoing it appears that the affidavit must set forth facts tending to establish the grounds justifying the search warrant, or the affidavit must set forth probable cause for believing that grounds for a search warrant exist.

It is not necessary that the affiant should have personal knowledge of the existence of grounds calling for a search warrant, but such a warrant may be based on an affidavit made on information, if the information is of the character that indicates probable cause for believing a search warrant to be authorized.

That is to say, when an affidavit is made on information and belief it should disclose the nature and the source of the information so that the magistrate himself can determine whether probable cause exists for the issuance of the search warrant. If the search warrant might issue on a bare statement that affiant had information leading him to conclude that such a warrant should issue, then the act of the magistrate in issuing the warrant would not be based upon any judicial discretion, but...