Epling v. Pacific Intermountain Exp. Co.
Decision Date | 13 July 1977 |
Parties | , 9 O.O.3d 220 EPLING, Appellant, v. PACIFIC INTERMOUNTAIN EXPRESS COMPANY et al., Appellees. |
Court | Ohio Court of Appeals |
Syllabus by the Court
1. In a malicious prosecution suit, a prior indictment of the plaintiff is Prima facie evidence of probable cause which must be rebutted by the plaintiff.
2. Where the plaintiff, in a malicious prosecution action, fails to show that a prior indictment was not the result of the prosecutor's uncontrolled discretion to prosecute, the presumption of probable cause raised by the indictment is unrebutted and the defendant is entitled to a directed verdict under Civ.R. 50(A)(4).
James Easly, Cleveland, and Lawrence Courtney, Medina, for appellant.
Timothy F. Scanlon, Akron, and William Batchelder, for appellees.
This is an appeal from an order granting the defendant-appellee's motion for a directed verdict made at the conclusion of plaintiff's evidence in a malicious prosecution action. We affirm.
Pacific Intermountain Express (P.I.E.) trucking terminal in West Richfield was experiencing severe freight shortages in 1969. Defendants-appellees decided to hire an undercover agent to work the loading docks at the terminal facility. Defendants Gene Westberg (P.I.E. district manager) and William Call (P.I.E. terminal manager) employed Richard Nichols to garner information concerning the freight losses. Nichols supplied eight reports. Three of them implicated the plaintiff, Carl Epling, in the thefts. This information was submitted to the Summit County Prosecutor who presented the evidence to the grand jury. On December 22, 1969, the grand jury indicted the plaintiff and an accomplice with grand larceny. The indictment charged the theft of 22 tape cartridges from the P.I.E. terminal. The plaintiff was arrested on December 27, 1969, and released on bond the same day. In February 1971, the prosecuting attorney obtained a Nolle proseque on the indictment after determining there was insufficient evidence to prosecute Epling.
In January 1972, the plaintiff filed a malicious prosecution action against the defendants. After one mistrial, a second jury was impanelled. At the conclusion of plaintiff's opening statement, defendants moved for a directed verdict pursuant to Civ.R. 50. The Court sustained the motion and entered a final judgment for the defendants. This court reversed and remanded for trial with instructions that:
"If, without the use of testimony actually presented to the grand jury, the plaintiff can prove that defendants maliciously conspired to cause criminal proceedings to be instituted against him and that there was no probable cause for such proceedings, he is entitled to have this cause submitted to a jury." Epling v. P. I. E., unreported, Court of Appeals for Medina County, No. 611, decided April 7, 1976.
Plaintiff now appeals the order granting defendants' motion for a directed verdict made at the close of plaintiff's evidence. The plaintiff-appellant claims as error:
The first two assignments of error can be combined for discussion since they raise essentially the same arguments. The gist of plaintiff's contention is that the directed verdict motion was improperly granted (1) because the trial court never indicated it was applying the criteria set forth in Civ.R. 50(A)(4) and (2) the plaintiff's evidence demonstrated a lack of probable cause. We disagree. Civ.R. 50(A)(4) delineates the following criteria:
"When a motion for a directed verdict has been properly made, and the trial court, after construing the evidence most strongly in favor of the party against whom the motion is directed, finds that upon any determinative issue reasonable minds could come to but one conclusion upon the evidence submitted and that conclusion is adverse to such party, the court shall sustain the motion and direct a verdict for the moving party as to that issue."
The trial court's adherence to this criteria is emphatically evident from the record. The plaintiff's evidence failed to show a conspiracy or that the defendants caused the criminal proceeding to be instituted against the plaintiff without probable cause.
Plaintiff also contends that a lack of probable cause was affirmatively demonstrated. Probable cause in an action for malicious prosecution was defined in Ash v. Marlow (1851), 20 Ohio 119.
The heart of this contention is the alleged existence of a conspiracy among P.I.E. officials to manufacture evidence to get Epling and others "off the dock." Defendant Nichols testified that Mr. Westberg never asked him to manufacture evidence or frame anyone, including Epling. Nichols also testified he never planted any evidence on Epling without his knowledge. The trial court held, as a matter of law, conspiracy had not been proven.
An indictment is Prima facie evidence of probable cause and the plaintiff must bring forward enough evidence to rebut this. Melanowski v. Judy (1921), 102 Ohio St. 153, 131 N.E. 360.
The Ohio Supreme Court has held that an individual who provides a prosecuting officer with information which he believes true is not the cause of the indictment where the officer exercises his uncontrolled discretion to prosecute. Archer v. Cachat (1956), 165 Ohio St. 286, 135 N.E.2d 404. Such a policy fosters cooperation between the community and law enforcement officials.
Where, as here, the plaintiff claims that P.I.E. had no right to rely on...
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