EState of Saul SCHNEIDER v. FINMANN

• Decision Date: 17 June 2010
• Citation: 15 N.Y.3d 306,933 N.E.2d 718
• Parties: ESTATE OF Saul SCHNEIDER, Deceased, Appellant, v. Victor M. FINMANN et al., Respondents, et al., Defendant.
• Court: New York Court of Appeals Court of Appeals

15 N.Y.3d 306

933 N.E.2d 718

ESTATE OF Saul SCHNEIDER, Deceased, Appellant,

v.Victor M. FINMANN et al., Respondents, et al., Defendant.

Court of Appeals of New York.

June 17, 2010.

Nicholas J. Damadeo, P.C., Huntington (Nicholas J. Damadeo of counsel), for appellant.

Cullen and Dykman LLP, Garden City (Peter J. Mastaglio and Justin F. Capuano of counsel), for respondents.

OPINION OF THE COURT

JONES, J.

At issue in this appeal is whether an attorney may be held liable for damages resulting from negligent representation in estate tax planning that causes enhanced estate tax liability. We hold that a personal representative of an estate may maintain a legal malpractice claim for such pecuniary losses to the estate.

The complaint alleges the following facts. Defendants represented decedent Saul Schneider from at least April 2000 to his death in October 2006. In April 2000, decedent purchased a $1 million life insurance policy Over several years, he transferred ownership of that property from himself to an entity of which he was principal owner, then to another entity of which he was principal owner and then, in 2005, back to himself. At his death in October 2006, the proceeds of the insurance policy were included as part of his gross taxable estate. Decedent's estate commenced this malpractice action in 2007, alleging that defendants negligently advised decedent to transfer, or failed to advise decedent not to transfer, the policy which resulted in an increased estate tax liability.

Supreme Court granted defendants' motion to dismiss the complaint for failure to state a cause of action. The Appellate Division affirmed (60 A.D.3d 892, 876 N.Y.S.2d 121 [2009] ), holding that, in the absence of privity, an estate may not maintain an action for legal malpractice. We now reverse and reinstate plaintiff's claim.

Strict privity, as applied in the context of estate planning mal-practice actions, is a minority rule in the United States. ¹ In New York, a third party, without privity, cannot maintain a claim against an attorney in professional negligence, “absent fraud, collusion, malicious acts or other special circumstances” ( Estate of Spivey v. Pulley, 138 A.D.2d 563, 564, 526 N.Y.S.2d 145 [2d Dept.1988] ). Some Appellate Division decisions, on which the Appellate Division here relied, have applied strict privity to estate planning malpractice lawsuits commenced by the estate's personal representative and beneficiaries alike ( Deeb v. Johnson, 170 A.D.2d 865, 566 N.Y.S.2d 688 [3d Dept.1991]; Spivey, 138 A.D.2d at 564, 526 N.Y.S.2d 145; Viscardi v. Lerner, 125 A.D.2d 662, 663-664, 510 N.Y.S.2d 183 [2d Dept.1986]; Rossi v. Boehner, 116 A.D.2d 636, 498 N.Y.S.2d 318 [2d Dept.1986] ). This rule effectively protects attorneys from legal malpractice suits by indeterminate classes of plaintiffs whose interests may be at odds with the interests of the client-decedent. However, it also leaves the estate with no recourse against an attorney who planned the estate negligently.

We now hold that privity, or a relationship sufficiently approaching privity, exists between the personal representative of an estate and the estate planning attorney. We agree with the Texas Supreme Court that the estate essentially “ ‘stands in the shoes' of a decedent” and, therefore, “has the capacity to maintain the malpractice claim on the estate's behalf” ( Belt v. Oppenheimer, Blend, Harrison & Tate, Inc., 192 S.W.3d 780, 787 [Tex.2006] ). The personal representative of an estate should not be prevented from raising a negligent estate planning claim against the attorney who caused harm to the estate. The attorney estate planner surely knows that minimizing the tax burden of the estate is one of the central tasks entrusted to the professional. Moreover, such a result comports with EPTL 11-3.2(b), ² which generally permits the personal representative of a decedent to maintain an action for “injury to person or property” after that person's death.

Despite the holding in this case, strict privity remains a bar against beneficiaries' and other third-party individuals' estate planning malpractice claims absent fraud or other circumstances. Relaxing privity to permit third parties to commence professional negligence actions against estate planning attorneys would produce undesirable results-uncertainty and limitless liability. These concerns, however, are not present in the case of an estate planning malpractice action commenced by the estate's personal representative.

Accordingly, the order of the Appellate Division should be reversed, with costs, and defendants' motion to dismiss the complaint denied.

Chief Judge LIPPMAN and Judges CIPARICK, GRAFFEO, READ, SMITH and PIGOTT concur.

Order reversed, etc.

1Now only a handful of jurisdictions apply strict privity to malpractice actions commenced by beneficiaries against estate planning attorneys ( see Robinson v. Benton, 842 So.2d 631, 637 [Ala.2002]; Nevin v. Union Trust Co., 726 A.2d 694, 701 [Me.1999]; Noble v. Bruce, 349 Md. 730, 752, 709 A.2d 1264, 1275 [1998]; Simon v. Zipperstein, 32 Ohio St.3d 74, 512 N.E.2d 636 [1987]; Lilyhorn v. Dier, 214 Neb. 728, 335 N.W.2d...