Ex Parte Broussard
Decision Date | 03 December 1913 |
Docket Number | (No. 2759.)<SMALL><SUP>†</SUP></SMALL> |
Citation | 169 S.W. 660 |
Parties | Ex parte BROUSSARD. |
Court | Texas Court of Criminal Appeals |
Appeal from District Court, Jefferson County; W. H. Davidson, Judge.
Habeas corpus. On petition of J. J. Broussard to obtain his discharge from prosecution for violating an ordinance of the city of Beaumont prohibiting the maintenance of stock pens in a city within 300 feet of a notel or private residence without a license. From a judgment dismissing the writ and remanding relator to custody, he appeals. Affirmed.
Dougherty & Gordon, of Beaumont, and W. F. Ramsey and C. L. Black, both of Austin, for appellant. C. E. Lane, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the State.
The city council of the city of Beaumont passed the following ordinance:
Other provisions of the ordinance provided that the term "stock pen," as used in the ordinance, should include any lot wherein more than six head of cattle were kept, and the penalty fixed thereto was by fine not less than $25, nor more than $100.
Appellant was arrested, charged with a violation of this ordinance, in that he maintained a stock pen containing more than six head of cows on lots 3 to 6, in block 2, in Blanchette second addition to the city of Beaumont, without having obtained a license or permit from the city council.
There is no claim that the complaint is not a valid one, if the ordinance is valid. When appellant was arrested on the complaint, he sued out a writ of habeas corpus before Hon. W. H. Davidson, judge of the Fifty-Eighth district court, who granted the writ and set the cause down for hearing. When heard, the court held the ordinance valid, and remanded the relator to custody, from which judgment and order he prosecutes this appeal, assigning the following errors: That the court erred in holding the ordinance valid for these reasons: (1) That the ordinance is not fair, impartial, and uniform; (2) that the ordinance delegates to the city council despotic and arbitrary power; (3) that said ordinance is in contravention of section 28 of article 1 of the Constitution of this state; (4) that said ordinance is in contravention of section 19 of article 1 of the Constitution of this state; (5) that said ordinance contravenes section 1 of the fourteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States.
Relator's counsel have filed a very able brief, in which they take up and discuss all of these assignments. That the ordinance is not violative of the fourteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States, nor any other provision thereof, has been specifically held by the United States Supreme Court in the case of Fischer v. St. Louis, 194 U. S. 361, 24 Sup. Ct. 673, 48 L. Ed. 1018. In that case they passed an ordinance which read as follows:
"No dairy or cow stable shall hereafter be erected, built or established within the limits of this city without first having obtained permission so to do from the municipal assembly."
This ordinance was assailed upon every ground upon which relator assails this ordinance. The Supreme Court upheld the ordinance, saying:
This so clearly expresses the rule of law applicable to this case, we adopt the language there used.
That the council may act arbitrarily under the authority there granted does not render the ordinance void. The presumption of law is that the council will act within the spirit and intent of the law; that is, in such manner as they deem necessary for the public health and welfare of the city. If they do act arbitrarily in the premises, this would not, in and of itself, render the ordinance void, but such action would be revised and controlled by the proper tribunal. As said by some of the courts, the practice of nearly a century shows that there is little to fear from an abuse of this power. In the government of affairs of a municipality many powers must necessarily be confided to the jurisdiction of its officers, and it can be productive only of mischief in the treatment of such questions to substitute the discretion of strangers in place of that of the officers best acquainted with the circumstances, conditions, and necessities of the case. That the law furnishes ample remedies for the abuse of such discretion, when the action taken is but an arbitrary exercise of power, can hardly be questioned. It is a discretion confided that must be exercised in the interest of the public welfare, in the interest of the public health, and the public peace, and if the facts should show that in the refusal of the permit or license no such incentives or purposes were behind the action of the council, then, in application for a writ of mandamus made to the proper tribunal, the council would be compelled to issue the license or permit. The facts as agreed to in this case, while not full and complete, might indicate, as contended by relator, that perhaps the council acted rather arbitrarily in this instance, but from such action we could give no relief; that would be the office of the civil court in an action for a writ of mandamus to compel the issuance of the license to the relator. However, upon a full development of all the facts, it may be that the council acted properly, and the refusal of the license was necessary for the preservation of the health and welfare of the city. It is not disclosed by the application nor the evidence how many cattle the relator desired to keep within the city limits. If he desired to keep on the lots mentioned a herd of cattle for barter and sale, and such lots were near to and adjacent to the resident portions of the city, the city council would and did act properly in refusing him a permit to keep cattle within such territory. At least we hold that the ordinance, in requiring that a person desiring to keep more than six head of cattle within one inclosure within the limits of the city to obtain a permit to do so from the city council, is not void, and violative of no provision of the Constitution of this state or the United States; for if the council should seek to exercise this power in an arbitrary and unreasonable manner, its power can and will be controlled by the courts, and by a writ of mandamus any injustice can and will be prevented, should the officers so far forget their official oath and duties as not to administer it in a fair, impartial way as applicable to all citizens. As to the facts necessary, or the rules governing the writ of mandamus, it is not necessary nor proper for us here to discuss, as it is a civil, and not a criminal, proceeding. However, we will state, the general rule seems to be as stated in Cyc. vol. 23, p. 137:
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