Ex Parte Hayden, 24222.
| Citation | 215 S.W.2d 620 |
| Decision Date | 03 November 1948 |
| Docket Number | No. 24222.,24222. |
| Parties | Ex parte HAYDEN et al. |
| Court | Court of Appeals of Texas. Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas |
Appeal from County Court at Law No. 2, Harris County; John Snell, Jr., Judge.
Habeas corpus proceeding by D. Hayden, alias John Hayden, and Horace Sephers, to secure release from the sheriff of Harris County under a commitment issued by the County Court after conviction for aggravated assault. From a judgment of the trial court remanding them to custody of the sheriff, relators appeal.
Judgment affirmed.
John A. Croom, of Houston, for appellant.
A. C. Winborn, Crim. Dist. Atty., and E. T. Branch, Asst. Crim. Dist. Atty., both of Houston, and Ernest S. Goens, State's Atty., of Austin, for the State.
Relators were charged and by the trial judge convicted in the County Court at Law No. 2 of Harris County, Texas, of an aggravated assault, a misdemeanor. Upon their conviction therefor, the trial court ordered each of them to serve a term of 30 days in the county jail. However, purporting to act under House Bill No. 120, Chapter 452, Acts of the 50th Legislature, Regular Session, page 1049, Vernon's Ann.C.C. P. art. 781b, the County Judge probated such sentence and directed the Sheriff of Harris County to discharge the relators from any confinement in jail.
The Sheriff of Harris County refused to discharge these relators, evidently acting under an opinion and advice of the Attorney General of Texas, whereupon the relators sued out a writ of habeas corpus alleging their illegal confinement and restraint under such judgment, which discharge was refused by the court trying the habeas corpus cause. The matter was then appealed to this appellate court and affirmed upon the ground that the costs in the original cause had not been paid as required in such bill and such failure precluded an appeal from a probation of the judgment of the lower court. See same relators Ex parte Sethers, Tex.Cr.App., 209 S.W.2d 358; not yet reported in the State Reports.
The question now before us is whether or not the County Courts of this state have the power to probate the punishment of one convicted of a misdemeanor therein.
We find from the caption of this House Bill No. 120, that same was "An Act empowering the courts of record of the State of Texas having original jurisdiction of criminal actions to suspend the imposition or executions of sentence and to place defendants on probation under certain conditions", etc.
The courts of record having original criminal jurisdiction are the different County Courts, certain County Courts at Law, and District Courts of the State. We thus find the caption giving notice that only such courts of record will be affected by this contemplated legislation. However, Section 1 of said Act begins with the following statement: "The courts of the State of Texas having original jurisdiction of criminal actions, when it shall appear to the satisfaction of the court that the ends of justice and the best interests of the public as well as the defendant will be subserved thereby, shall have the power, after conviction or a plea of guilty for any crime or offense except murder, rape, and offenses against morals, decency, and chastity where the maximum punishment assessed the defendant does not exceed ten (10) years imprisonment, and where the defendant has not been previously convicted of a felony, to suspend the imposition or the execution of sentence and may place the defendant on probation for the maximum period of the sentence imposed or if no sentence has been imposed for the maximum period for which the defendant might have been sentenced, or impose a fine applicable to the offense committed and also place the defendant on probation as hereinafter provided."
It is evident from the two above quotations that the caption and the bill itself, in Section 1 thereof, are not in accord. The caption merely gives notice that such bill would apply only to County and District Courts, they being courts of record of original criminal jurisdiction. However, Justice of the Peace Courts are not courts of record. See Ex parte Quong Lee, 34 Tex. Cr.R. 511, 31 S.W. 391; Hutcherson v. Blewett, Tex.Civ.App., 58 S.W. 150; Warren et al. v. Barron Bros. Millinery Co. et al., Inc., 118 Tex. 659, 23 S.W.2d 686. On the other hand, the bill itself attempts to cover all courts of original criminal jurisdiction in this state. This would embrace Corporation Courts and Justice of the Peace Courts, they also being courts of original criminal jurisdiction.
The question then arises as to which of these two contradictory statements should control.
Article III, Section 35 of the State Constitution, Vernon's Ann. St., reads as follows:
Either the caption should control this Act relative to the courts intended to be affected thereby, or the contradictory statement found in Section 1 should be controlling. Under the latter portion of the above-quoted constitutional provision and the prevailing rules relative to such construction, we express the opinion that the Act itself intended to and did only apply to County and District Courts, and the suspension of sentences therein, thus excluding Corporation Courts and Justice of the Peace Courts. Clearly the Constitution makes the caption controlling and it specifically limits this enactment to courts of record with original criminal jurisdiction. Nevertheless, we hold that the caption of this bill causes us to construe Section 1 of the Act to refer only to courts of record in this state. See 39 Tex.Jur. p. 84, sec. 39, and cases there cited; also page 96, sec. 45 and page 100, sec. 47, idem.
The purpose of the title or caption of a legislative act is to give notice to interested parties or to all that certain legislation is pending relative to matters set forth therein and to afford those interested an opportunity to take any steps deemed proper relative to the passage by the Legislature of such an act. Undoubtedly, the inclusion of the two different courts of this state not included in the definition of "courts of record" would put all persons upon notice that the bill itself outreached its caption and took in not only courts of...
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