Ex parte Reese, 2-83-403-CR

• Decision Date: 07 March 1984
• Docket Number: No. 2-83-403-CR,2-83-403-CR
• Citation: 666 S.W.2d 675
• Parties: Ex parte Mervin L. REESE a/k/a Murphy Ward.
• Court: Texas Court of Appeals

Page 675

666 S.W.2d 675

Ex parte Mervin L. REESE a/k/a Murphy Ward.

No. 2-83-403-CR.

Court of Appeals of Texas Fort Worth.

March 7, 1984.

Rehearing Denied March 29, 1984.

Alley & Alley and Richard Alley, Fort Worth, for appellant.

Tim Curry, Dist. Atty., and David Montague, Asst. Dist. Atty., Fort Worth, for appellee.

Before FENDER, C.J., and JOE SPURLOCK, II, and HILL, JJ.

OPINION

FENDER, Chief Justice.

This is an appeal from a habeas corpus action instituted by applicant pro se in Criminal District Court No. 4 of Tarrant County, for the purpose of obtaining reduction of his appeal bonds. Two applications for writ of habeas corpus (one in each of applicant's convictions) were originally denied by the trial court without a hearing, but after applicant gave his notice of appeal from that action the trial court held a hearing which resulted in applicant's appeal bonds being increased. Applicant appeals all of the actions of the trial court regarding his appeal bonds.

For the reasons set forth below, the appeal in this habeas corpus matter is dismissed for want of jurisdiction.

The record reflects that applicant was convicted of felony theft and attempted incest and was sentenced to ten years confinement in each case, probated. These probations were revoked on November 9, 1983 in Criminal District Court No. 4. Applicant gave notice of appeal and the Hon. Richard Alley was appointed to represent him on these appeals. Subsequently, applicant and his attorney made application to the judge of Criminal District Court No. 4 for bail to be set in these two cases, pending appeal. On November 11, 1983, appeal bonds were set at $15,000 in each case.

Sometime soon thereafter (the file date on the document is illegible) applicant filed a pro se application for writ of habeas corpus in each case, requesting that the trial court appoint an attorney to represent him in the habeas corpus proceedings, set the same for a hearing, and thereafter reduce applicant's appeal bonds from $15,000 to $2,000 in each case. On November 28, 1983, the trial court wrote "Denied" on each application for writ of habeas corpus, without holding a hearing or taking any further action. Applicant filed a pro se notice of appeal in each case. The record reflects that the next action taken was on December 19, 1983 when the trial court held a short hearing regarding applicant's ability to show how large an appeal bond he could afford to make. ¹ Applicant was present at the hearing, as was Mr. Alley who was representing applicant on his direct appeals. Mr. Alley informed the court that he had not been retained or appointed to represent applicant in this habeas corpus matter, and applicant acknowledged that he did not have an attorney in these proceedings. Neither applicant nor Mr. Alley pursued applicant's prior request to have counsel appointed for the December 19, 1983 hearing, or for the pending habeas corpus appeal. The trial court then proceeded to direct all further questions to applicant and at the conclusion of the hearing, the court increased applicant's appeal bonds from $15,000 to $50,000 in each case. Applicant did not give oral notice of appeal, and has not filed a written notice of appeal from this order.

Mr. Alley, acting as amicus curiae on behalf of applicant, has filed in this court a motion to abate the habeas corpus appeal, seeking to have the case remanded back to the trial court so that counsel can be appointed to represent applicant. Additionally, Mr. Alley seeks leave to file an amicus curiae brief addressing the merits of the denial of the habeas corpus relief. In light of our disposition of this appeal, we deny applicant's motion to abate this appeal; however, we grant the motion of the Hon. Richard Alley for leave to file an amicus curiae brief on behalf of applicant.

Applicant's first ground of error is that the trial court erred in not holding a hearing on November 28, 1983, prior to denying applicant's applications for writ of habeas corpus which alleged that the $15,000 appeal bonds were excessive.

An appellant has two methods by which he may challenge in the trial court the amount of his appeal bonds: (1) by an application for writ of habeas corpus or (2) by a statutory motion to reduce bond pursuant to TEX.CODE CRIM.PROC.ANN. art. 44.04 (Vernon Supp.1982-1983). The well-established rule is that when an application for a writ of habeas corpus alleging unlawful restraint is presented to a judge who refuses to issue a writ of habeas corpus commanding the person having the applicant in custody to produce him before the court for a determination of the allegations in the application, no appeal lies. Ex parte Noe, 646 S.W.2d 230, 231 (Tex.Cr.App.1983); Ex parte Moorehouse, 614 S.W.2d 450, 451 (Tex.Cr.App.1981); Mayes v. State, 538 S.W.2d 637, 639 (Tex.Cr.App.1976). Applicant's remedy is then to present his application to another judge having jurisdiction. Nichlos v. State, 158 Tex.Cr.R. 367, 255 S.W.2d 522, 526 (1952) (on motion for rehearing). See Mayes v. State, supra, at 639, fn. 1, wherein the court recognized that while other district judges would have authority to entertain habeas corpus proceedings, they are often reluctant to entertain such proceedings where the conviction has occurred in another district court.

Of course, when the trial court is presented with an application for a writ of habeas corpus he may hold a hearing on the limited question of whether to issue the writ of habeas corpus, or whether to simply deny the application for writ of habeas corpus. After such a hearing, if the trial judge refuses to issue the writ of habeas corpus, no appeal lies. Ex parte Noe, supra; Ex parte Hughes, 20 S.W.2d 1070 (Tex.Cr.App.1929).

On the other hand, if the judge to whom the application for a writ of habeas corpus is presented issues the writ (with or without a hearing having been held regarding whether to issue the writ), by doing so he commands the person having the applicant in custody to produce said applicant before the court for a determination regarding whether the court should grant the relief requested by applicant. If the court then determines from the evidence adduced at the hearing on the merits of applicant's request that the applicant is not illegally restrained and denies the relief prayed for, an appeal lies to this court. TEX.CODE CRIM.PROC.ANN. art. 44.34 (Vernon Supp.1982-1983); Nichlos, supra, 255 S.W.2d at 526. ²

Applicant, however, asserts that the instant case is directly controlled by Ex parte Williams, 630 S.W.2d 803 (Tex.App.--San Antonio 1982, pet. ref'd) in which the trial court denied, without a hearing, applicant's application for writ of habeas corpus seeking a bond reduction pending appeal. The San Antonio Court of Appeals recognized the two methods by which an appellant may obtain a bond reduction pending appeal (by writ of habeas corpus or by a motion to reduce bail), but made no distinction between the two methods in its holding that a trial court is required to hold a hearing prior to ruling on an application for bond reduction, and that this was true regardless of whether an applicant seeks relief by way of an application for writ of habeas...