Ex Parte Rodney Wayne Patterson.(in Re State v. Patterson)
Decision Date | 18 March 2011 |
Docket Number | CR–10–0334. |
Citation | 70 So.3d 435 |
Parties | Ex parte Rodney Wayne PATTERSON.(In re State of Alabamav.Rodney Wayne Patterson). |
Court | Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals |
OPINION TEXT STARTS HERE
Chris Malcom, Moulton, for petitioner.Troy King, atty. gen., and Cecil G. Brendle, Jr., asst. atty. gen., for respondent.PER CURIAM.
The petitioner, Rodney Wayne Patterson, filed this petition for a writ of habeas corpus requesting that we reinstate his original bail, which had been revoked. In October 2009, Patterson was arrested for attempted murder; his bail was set at $75,000. In January 2010, Patterson was indicted for attempted murder and his bail, which he had paid, remained the same. In May 2010, the State moved that Patterson's bail be revoked because, it argued, Patterson had been charged with another offense while he was free on bail for the attempted murder charge, and a condition of his release had been that he not engage in any criminal activity. On May 13, 2010, Judge Pride Tompkins revoked Patterson's bail. On November 12, 2010, Patterson was found “not guilty” of reckless endangerment 1—the charge that formed the basis for the revocation of his pretrial bail. Patterson then moved to have his original bail reinstated. After a hearing on November 15, 2010, Judge Tompkins denied Patterson's motion. This original petition for a writ of habeas corpus followed.
Patterson asserts that he is entitled to remain free on pretrial bail because, he argues, he has been acquitted of the charge that formed the basis for the revocation of his pretrial bail.
“The purposes of bail are to secure the accused's attendance, and avoid the imprisonment of persons still entitled to a presumption of innocence, among others.
8 C.J.S. Bail § 6 (2010). “Bail operates to balance the ‘presumption of innocence of the accused and the compelling interest of the State that the accused appear to answer the accusation against him.’ ” Ex parte Henson, 131 S.W.3d 645, 647 (Tex.App.2004).
Under Alabama law, an accused has a constitutional right to pretrial bail in all noncapital cases.
Ex parte Colbert, 805 So.2d 687, 688 (Ala.2001). See § 15–13–3, Ala.Code 1975, which states: “In all cases other than those specified in subsection (a) of Section 15–13–3 [capital cases] a defendant is, before conviction, entitled to bail as a matter of right.”
We have recognized that this constitutional right is subject to forfeiture by the defendant. In Ex parte Fleming, 814 So.2d 302 (Ala.Crim.App.2001), we stated:
“[A] defendant may forfeit his constitutional right to pretrial bail by his conduct while out on bail. See Shabazz v. State, 440 So.2d 1200 (Ala.Crim.App.1983). In Shabazz, we stated:
“ ‘The Constitution of the State of Alabama provides “That all persons shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, except for capital offenses, when the proof is evident or the presumption great; and that excessive bail shall not in any case be required.” Ala. Const. art. I, § 16. Additionally, § 15–13–2, Code of Alabama 1975, states that “In all cases other than those specified in subsection (a) of section 15–13–3, a defendant is, before conviction, entitled to bail as a matter of right.” Subsection (a) of § 15–13–3 deals with capital cases. The courts of this State have consistently construed the statute and constitutional provision as ensuring to an accused an absolute right to bail. Brakefield v. State, 269 Ala. 433, 113 So.2d 669 (1959); Holman v. Williams, 256 Ala. 157, 53 So.2d 751 (1951); Sprinkle v. State, 368 So.2d 554 (Ala.Crim.App.1978), writ quashed, 368 So.2d 565 (Ala.1979).
“ ‘....
“ ‘...
“440 So.2d at 1201–02 (emphasis added). Cf: Alabama courts have recognized that the following constitutional protections may be waived: (right to counsel at trial) ( Clemons v. State, 720 So.2d 985 (Ala.1998), cert. denied, 525 U.S. 1124, 119 S.Ct. 907, 142 L.Ed.2d 906 (1999)); (right to counsel and to conduct own defense) ( Ex parte Arthur, 711 So.2d 1097 (Ala.1997)); (right against self-incrimination) ( Ex parte Graddick, 501 So.2d 444 (Ala.1986)); (right to trial by jury) ( Arrington v. State, 773 So.2d 500 (Ala.Crim.App.2000)); (right to speedy trial) ( Williams v. State, 641 So.2d 1305 (Ala.Crim.App.1994)).
“The philosophy expressed in Shabazz has been incorporated into Rule 7.3(a), Ala. R.Crim. P., and Rule 7.5(b), Ala. R.Crim. P., promulgated by the Alabama Supreme Court. Rule 7.3(a) lists the mandatory conditions of release, once bail has been set. Those mandatory conditions require that a defendant
“ ‘(1) Appear to answer and to submit to the orders and process of the court having jurisdiction of the case;
“ ‘(2) Refrain from committing any criminal offense;
“ ‘(3) Not depart from the state without leave of court; and
“ ‘(4) Promptly notify the court of any change of address.’ ”
Rule 7.5(b), Ala. R.Crim. P., provides, in pertinent part:
(Emphasis added.) The Committee Comments to Rule 7.5, Ala. R.Crim. P., note that “[t]he rule is not intended to operate as an absolute denial of release where there is probable cause to believe the defendant committed an offense while on release.”
Rule 7.5(b), Ala. R.Crim. P., is patterned after § 18 U.S.C.A. § 3148. This section provides that a court may revoke pretrial bail if there is “probable cause to believe that the person has committed a Federal, State, or local crime while on release....” The federal statute further states:
“If there is probable cause to believe that, while on release, the person committed a Federal, State, or local felony, a rebuttable presumption arises that no condition or combination of conditions will assure that the person will not pose a danger to the safety of any other person or the community.” 2
18 U.S.C.A. § 3148(b) (emphasis added). See also 8 C.J.S. Bail § 143 (2010). “Once the presumption arises, the ball is in the defendant's court ... and it is incumbent on the defendant to come forward with some evidence to rebut the presumption.” United States v. Cook, 880 F.2d 1158, 1162 (10th Cir.1989).
Other state courts have addressed the continued validity of a bail revocation when there has been an acquittal on the charge that was the basis for the revocation. Massachusetts law provides:
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 276 § 58 (2006) (emphasis added). “The only language in the statute pertaining to any type of review of a revocation order is limited, requiring review (‘shall be reviewed’) ‘upon the acquittal of the person, or the dismissal of, any of the cases involved.’ ” Commonwealth v. Pagan, 445 Mass. 315, 321, 837 N.E.2d 252, 259 (2005).
The Vermont Supreme Court in State v. Mecier, 136 Vt. 336, 339, 388 A.2d 435, 438 (1978), has stated:
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