Federal Paper Bd. Co., Inc. v. Kamyr, Inc., No. 9013SC453

• Decision Date: 15 January 1991
• Docket Number: No. 9013SC453
• Citation: 101 N.C.App. 329,399 S.E.2d 411
• Court: North Carolina Court of Appeals
• Parties: FEDERAL PAPER BOARD COMPANY, INC., and Arkwright-Boston Manufacturers Mutual Insurance Company, Plaintiffs/Appellants, v. KAMYR, INC. and Kamyr Installations, Inc., Defendants/Appellees.

Page 411

399 S.E.2d 411

101 N.C.App. 329

FEDERAL PAPER BOARD COMPANY, INC., and Arkwright-Boston Manufacturers Mutual Insurance Company Plaintiffs/Appellants, v. KAMYR, INC. and Kamyr Installations, Inc., Defendants/Appellees.

No. 9013SC453.

Court of Appeals of North Carolina.

Jan. 15, 1991.

Robins, Kaplan, Miller & Ciresi by Brent J. Kaplan and R. Dennis Withers, Atlanta, Smith & Smith by W.G. Smith, Wilmington, for plaintiffs/appellants.

Womble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice by Gene A. Dickey, J. Keith Tart and Daniel Donahue, Winston-Salem, for defendants/appellees.

HEDRICK, Chief Judge.

Plaintiffs' argument on appeal is that the trial court erred by granting summary judgment for Kamyr and Kamyr Installations because there are disputed genuine issues of material fact and therefore defendants are not entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Plaintiffs argue that the issues which must be resolved by a jury include, but are not limited to: the cause of the failure of flash tank 2, alleged breach of contract and negligence of Kamyr in its design of the continuous digester system, and alleged negligence of Kamyr Installations in its supervision of the installation of flash tank 2.

Summary judgment is rarely appropriate in a negligence action. Durham v. Vine, 40 N.C.App. 564, 253 S.E.2d 316 (1979). The moving party must establish that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that the party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law. N.C.R.Civ.P. 56. In determining whether summary judgment is proper, the court must view the record in the light most favorable to the opposing party, giving to it the benefit of all reasonable inferences and resolving all inconsistencies in its favor. Freeman v. Sturdivant Dev. Co., 25 N.C.App. 56, 212 S.E.2d 190 (1975).

The defendants have failed to show that there is no genuine issue of material fact. The record discloses that in answers to interrogatories and in depositions, the evidence from plaintiffs' experts tends to show that the continuous digester system was improperly designed in that it did not include sufficient safety relief valves to protect against overpressurization, that it did not have a fail safe system for protecting against such an explosion, and that the system was improperly installed. In addition, the "primary pressure relief device," a water loop seal, was closed off based on Kamyr's recommendation. Plaintiffs further argue that their systems operator followed Kamyr's operational instructions to avert overpressurization, and that the system nevertheless failed.

The defendants argue that there were sufficient safety relief devices which were not properly operated by plaintiff's operator nor inspected and maintained by plaintiffs, that the system was properly installed, and that the water loop seal was an accessory to be installed and maintained by the customer. They also contend that if the facts leading up to the explosion were as plaintiffs suggest, there could not have been an overpressurization of the system.

These arguments show that there are multiple genuine issues of material fact when viewed in the light most favorable to the plaintiffs. Summary judgment may not be used to resolve factual disputes which are material to the disposition of the action. Robertson v. Hartman, 90 N.C.App. 250, 368 S.E.2d 199 (1988). Nor may summary judgment be used where conflicting evidence is involved. Smith v. Currie, 40 N.C.App. 739, 253 S.E.2d 645, cert. denied, 297 N.C. 612, 257 S.E.2d 219 (1979). Where there is any question regarding the credibility of plaintiffs' evidence as to the operating conditions at the time of the failure, or if there is a question which can be resolved only by the weight of the evidence, summary judgment must be denied. City of Thomasville v. Lease-Afex, Inc., 300 N.C. 651, 268 S.E.2d 190 (1980). Genuine issues exist in connection with causation and therefore preclude summary judgment in this action.

Like negligence, contributory negligence is rarely appropriate for summary judgment. Ballenger v. Crowell, 38 N.C.App. 50, 247 S.E.2d 287 (1978). The burden of showing contributory negligence is on the defendant, and the motion for non-suit may never be allowed on such an issue where the material facts are in dispute, nor where opposing inferences are permissible from plaintiff's proof, nor where it is necessary to rely totally or partially on evidence offered for the defense. The motion for summary judgment and the motion for a directed verdict, formerly non-suit, are functionally similar. Williams v. Carolina Power & Light Co., 296 N.C. 400, 250 S.E.2d 255 (1979). Contradictions or discrepancies in the evidence, even when arising from claimant's own evidence, must be resolved by the jury rather than the trial judge. Allen v. Pullen, 82 N.C.App. 61, 345 S.E.2d 469, cert. denied, 318 N.C. 691, 351 S.E.2d 738 (1987). As to any intervening cause...