Ferguson v. Ferguson, S97A0469
| Decision Date | 28 April 1997 |
| Docket Number | No. S97A0469,S97A0469 |
| Parties | , 97 FCDR 1427 FERGUSON v. FERGUSON. |
| Court | Georgia Supreme Court |
Charles P. Taylor, Warner Robins, for Margaret Ferguson.
Pamela M. Richards-Greenway, Warner Robins, for Gamaliel Ferguson.
We granted an application for discretionary appeal in an action for modification of child support under OCGA § 19-6-15(e) and (f), 1 to consider whether:
A custodial parent seeking to extend child support payments for a child who has reached the age of majority but has not completed his or her secondary education must file the modification action before the child turns eighteen?
We answer in the negative, and reverse the judgment of the trial court dismissing the complaint.
In 1990, mother brought a complaint for separate maintenance which resulted in an order awarding her custody of the parties' one minor child, and requiring father to pay $125 per week in child support "until the child reaches the age of 18, becomes self-supporting, marries, or dies, whichever first occurs." A final judgment and decree of divorce was entered in October 1992, incorporating the custody and support provisions of the separate maintenance order.
One month after the child's eighteenth birthday, mother filed a complaint for modification of child support under OCGA § 19-6-15(e) and (f), asserting that there has been a change in financial circumstances necessitating additional support for the maintenance and education of the child. It was shown that the child is enrolled in and attending secondary school, and that she has not yet attained the age of twenty, married, or become emancipated. Father denied any obligation to pay child support beyond the child's eighteenth birthday, and he moved to dismiss the complaint. The trial court granted the motion to dismiss.
1. The cardinal rule of statutory construction is to ascertain the legislative intent and purpose in enacting the law and to construe the statute to effectuate that intent. City of Roswell v. City of Atlanta, 261 Ga. 657(1), 410 S.E.2d 28 (1991). The legislative purpose, as stated in the preamble to OCGA § 19-6-15(e), is to "authorize a trier of fact, in the exercise of sound discretion, to order either or both parents to continue to provide financial assistance to a child who has reached the age of majority to enable a child to complete his or her secondary school education...." 1992 Ga. Laws, p. 1833. Nowhere in the statute or in the stated legislative intent is there a requirement that the modification petition be brought prior to the child's eighteenth birthday, and we perceive no legitimate governmental interest in imposing such a requirement. On the contrary, under the plain language of the statute, child support obligations may be extended under certain circumstances for "a child who has attained the age of majority," and that obligation will terminate "after a child attains 20 years of age." It is certainly conceivable that a child who is otherwise eligible for extended support under the statute may not require that financial assistance until after reaching the age of 18. Father has not shown, nor do we perceive, any rationale consistent with the legislative purpose (enabling a child to complete a secondary school education), to bar such a request simply because it occurs after a child's eighteenth birthday.
2. Nor was the trial court correct in its conclusion that child support obligations may be extended under OCGA § 19-6-15(e) and (f), "only if provision has been made for such a possibility in the temporary or final order." Subsection (f) makes subsection (e) applicable to an action for modification of a final decree of divorce entered on or after July 1, 1992, upon a showing of significant change of material circumstances. The statutory language being plain and unequivocal, any contrary judicial construction is unauthorized. Housing Auth. of Savannah v. Greene, 259 Ga. 435(4), 383 S.E.2d 867 (1989).
3. Finally, father asserts that the claim is barred because the separation agreement, which was incorporated in the final judgment and decree, was entered into before the effective date of OCGA § 19-6-15(e). In Honey v. Honey, ...
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