Ferme Rimouski, Inc. v. Limousin West, Inc.

• Decision Date: 24 October 1985
• Docket Number: Civ. A. No. 85-K-269.
• Citation: 620 F. Supp. 552
• Parties: FERME RIMOUSKI, INC., a Quebec corporation, Plaintiff, v. LIMOUSIN WEST, INC., a Colorado corporation; Jerry Robbe, individually and d/b/a Robbe Limousin; and Deborah Robbe, an individual, Defendants.
• Court: U.S. District Court — District of Colorado

620 F. Supp. 552

FERME RIMOUSKI, INC., a Quebec corporation, Plaintiff, v. LIMOUSIN WEST, INC., a Colorado corporation; Jerry Robbe, individually and d/b/a Robbe Limousin; and Deborah Robbe, an individual, Defendants.

Civ. A. No. 85-K-269.

United States District Court, D. Colorado.

October 24, 1985.

E. Michael Canges, Canges & Volpe, Denver, Colo., for plaintiff.

Robert P. Manning, Cogswell & Wehrle, Denver, Colo., for defendants.

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

KANE, District Judge.

In this diversity action, Ferme Rimouski claims that Jerry Robbe, Deborah Robbe, Limousin West¹ and Robbe Limousin wrongfully converted some heifers and their progeny. Jerry and Deborah Robbe move to dismiss the case for three reasons: (1) lack of subject matter jurisdiction because the amount in controversy does not exceed $10,000; (2) Rimouski's claim under section 18-4-405 of the Colorado Revised Statutes (1973) fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted; and (3) Rimouski has failed to join an indispensable party. For the following reasons, I decline to dismiss Rimouski's first and third claims for relief. Rimouski's second claim for relief, however, is dismissed.

BACKGROUND

Rimouski alleges that it was part-owner of eleven head of highly valuable heifers of the Limousin breed. Its ownership was in conjunction with Louis deNeuville who transferred his interest in the heifers to Limousin West. Limousin West, through the actions of Jerry and Deborah Robbe, converted an unknown quantity of the heifers and their progeny. Robbe Limousin received and transferred the heifers and their progeny to third parties. Rimouski prays for an accounting and punitive damages. Rimouski also seeks treble damages and costs of the suit, including attorney fees, pursuant to section 18-4-405 of the Colorado Revised Statutes.

I

Rimouski is a Canadian corporation. Jerry and Deborah Robbe are Colorado residents. Limousin West and Robbe Limousin are Colorado corporations. Rimouski claims that jurisdiction exists under 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a)(2). Jerry and Deborah Robbe admit that diversity of citizenship exists, but claim that I lack subject matter jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. 1332(a)(2) because Rimouski's claims do not exceed the sum or value of $10,000.²

"The rule governing dismissal for want of jurisdiction in cases brought in the federal court is that, unless the law gives a different rule, the sum claimed by the plaintiff controls if the claim is apparently made in good faith. It must appear to a legal certainty that the claim is really for less than the jurisdictional amount to justify dismissal." St. Paul Mercury Indemnity Co. v. Red Cab Co., 303 U.S. 283, 288-90, 58 S.Ct. 586, 590-91, 82 L.Ed. 845 (1938); see also Fehling v. Cantonwine, 522 F.2d 604 (10th Cir.1975). When attorney fees and punitive damages are allowed by applicable state law, they may be included in determining the amount in controversy. See Duderwicz v. Sweetwater Savings Association, 595 F.2d 1008, 1012 (5th Cir. 1979); Johns-Manville Sales Corp. v. Mitchell Enterprises, Inc., 417 F.2d 129, 131 (5th Cir.1969); Blank v. Preventive Health Programs, Inc., 504 F.Supp. 416, 421 (S.D.Ga.1980). The plaintiff has the burden of showing that his claim is sufficient to survive the "legal certainty" test. Gibson v. Jeffers, 478 F.2d 216 (10th Cir. 1973); Emland Builders, Inc. v. Shea, 359 F.2d 927 (10th Cir.1966).

In this case, Rimouski claims by affidavit³ that its interest in the cattle exceeds $10,000. Records and affidavits also indicate that the value of the offspring may exceed $10,000.⁴ In addition, Rimouski is seeking punitive damages pursuant to section 13-21-102 of the Colorado Revised Statutes (1973) and Rule 101(d) of the Colorado Rules of Civil Procedure (1973). Therefore, Rimouski has satisfied the burden of showing that its claim is sufficient to survive the "legal certainty" test. Accordingly, I decline to dismiss this case for lack of subject matter jurisdiction.

II

In Rimouski's second claim for relief, Rimouski seeks treble damages and attorney fees under section 18-4-405 of the Colorado Revised Statutes. Jerry and Deborah Robbe assert that Rimouski's second claim for relief should be dismissed pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure because it fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.

Section 18-4-405 provides in relevant part:

All property obtained by theft, robbery, or burglary shall be restored to the owner, and no sale, whether in good faith on the part of the purchaser or not, shall divest the owner of his right of such property. ... In any such action, the owner may recover three times the amount of the actual damages sustained by him, if any, and may also recover costs of the action and reasonable attorney's fees; ....

A person commits theft when he "knowingly obtains or exercises control over anything of value of another without authorization, ... and ... intends to deprive the other person permanently of the use or benefit of the thing of value; .... Colo. Rev.Stat. § 18-4-401 (1973). A co-owner of property cannot commit theft of that property, except when a second co-owner has a special property interest superior to that of the first co-owner. See People v. Zimbelman, 194 Colo. 384, 572 P.2d 830, 832 (1977); People v. McCain, 191 Colo. 229, 552 P.2d 20, 22 (1976); Escobar v. State, 181 So.2d 193, 195 (Fla.App.1965); People v. Dudley, 97 N.Y.S.2d 358 (N.Y.Co. Ct.1950); 17 A.L.R.3d 1394 (1968) and cases cited therein.

In this case, Rimouski has not alleged that it had a special property interest in the cattle superior to that of Limousin West. Therefore, Rimouski has failed to allege that defendants committed theft of the cattle, and that it is entitled to relief under § 18-4-405. Accordingly, Rimouski's second claim for relief fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, and is dismissed pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.

III

Jerry and Deborah Robbe contend that the Colorado National Bank of Denver was assigned a security interest in seven of the cattle after Limousin West sold the seven cattle. Therefore, the bank is an indispensable party, and this case must be dismissed pursuant to Rule 19 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.

Rule 19(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure provides:

A person who is subject to service of process and whose joinder will not deprive the court of jurisdiction over the subject matter of the action shall be joined as a party in the action if (1) in his absence complete relief cannot be accorded among those already parties, or (2) he claims an interest relating to the subject of the action and is so situated that the disposition of the action in his absence may (i) as a practical matter impair or impede his ability to protect that interest or (ii) leave any of the persons already parties subject to a substantial risk of incurring double, multiple, or otherwise inconsisent obligations by reason of his claimed interest. ...

When an action is brought against a defendant for wrongful transfer of property, an absent party who has an interest in the property is not indispensable if relief can be fashioned which will not adversely affect the absent party's interest. Miller v. United States, 583 F.2d 857 (6th Cir.1978); Estes v. Shell Oil Co., 234 F.2d 847 (5th Cir.1956); Miller & Lux, Inc. v. Nickel, 141 F.Supp. 41 (N.D.Cal.1956); 3A J. Moore & J. Lucas, Moore's Federal Practice, ¶ 19.095 (2nd ed. 1985). For example, property owners in Miller claimed that the United States took their property...