Fidelity & Cas. Co. of New York v. Jefferies

• Decision Date: 30 December 1976
• Docket Number: No. 981,981
• Citation: 545 S.W.2d 881
• Parties: 21 UCC Rep.Serv. 109 FIDELITY & CASUALTY COMPANY OF NEW YORK et al., Appellants, v. Mildred and T. J. JEFFERIES, Appellees.
• Court: Texas Court of Appeals

Page 881

545 S.W.2d 881

21 UCC Rep.Serv. 109

FIDELITY & CASUALTY COMPANY OF NEW YORK et al., Appellants, v. Mildred and T. J. JEFFERIES, Appellees.

No. 981.

Court of Civil Appeals of Texas Tyler.

Dec. 30, 1976.

Rehearing Denied Jan. 27, 1977.

Henry Stollenwerck, Dallas, for appellants.

Gary R. Stephens, Stephens & Stephens, Dallas, for appellees.

DUNAGAN, Chief Justice.

This action was brought by appellees, Mildred Jefferies and T. J. Jefferies (formerly husband and wife), against appellants, Fidelity & Casualty Company of New York and Royal Indemnity Company, seeking to recover under two fire insurance policies for the loss of the contents of a building located at 6410 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, Texas. Each of the fire insurance policies was in the principal amount of Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000.00) and each contained the usual condition suspending or restricting insurance coverage when certain contingencies occurred. In particular, one such limiting condition provided for no coverage following a change in ownership of the insured property. Admittedly, both policies were in full force and effect at all times material herein.

Appellants by amended answer invoked several conditions of the policies suspending or restricting coverage, but specifically invoked and principally relied upon the exclusionary provision noted above concerning change of ownership. Appellees by amended pleadings pled that appellants had waived the change in ownership provision and that they were estopped to claim the forfeiture.

As shown by the record appellees, T. J. Jefferies and wife, Mildred Jefferies, were the owners of a restaurant and club known as 'The Palace', together with the contents therein located at 6410 Gaston Avenue in Dallas, Texas, having acquired it in 1958. The contends consisted of a beer box, mirrors, steel sink, bar stools, folding chairs, leather chairs, numerous tables, a juke box, discotheque speakers, pool tables, pinball machines, and other similar articles used in the operation of the restaurant and club. The value of the contends was alleged by appellee to be $20,000.00. The two fire insurance policies were issued to appellee Mildred Jefferies by A. J. Rogers, the local recording agent for both insurance companies, on or about August 28, 1972, for a policy period of one year, all premiums having been paid at the time of the loss. Each insurance policy insured the contents against fire and lightning with extended coverage in the sum of $10,000.00 or a total coverage of $20,000.00. As hereinabove indicated the policies contained identical restrictive provisions excluding coverage following a change in ownership of the insured property.

By an instrument executed June 14, 1973, appellee T. J. Jefferies, as seller, for a consideration of.$15,391.42, part in cash and the remainder deferred with interest, sold to I.T.G. Corporation, Evan Ritter, Michael Keegan and Michael Merritt the aforesaid business located at 6410 Gaston Avenue together with the 'assets' listed in an inventory forming a part of the written memorandum of sale. Such contract contained a provision to the effect that the title and ownership of the property did not pass from the seller to the buyer until the note given in consideration therefor was paid. Most of the contents of the building were listed in the inventory. Some items of the contents, however, form no part of the sale and they were specifically identified and excluded. The deferred payments were to be made to appellees at the rate of $300.00 per month. Apparently none of these payments had been made at the time of the loss. The contract authorized the buyer to take possession of the business and contents on May 21, 1973, and the evidence shows that they did so. The buyer also agreed to carry contents insurance acceptable to seller in the sum of $14,000.00, but the record does not show whether such insurance was ever obtained.

On August 1, 1973, the business and contents burned, resulting in a total loss. There was testimony that the value of the contents which had been 'sold' at the time of the fire was $15,000.00 and the value of the items not 'sold' was $11,033.00.

Appellee Mildred Jefferies testified that shortly after the contract with the buyer had been executed she had a conversation with the insurance agent, Rogers, wherein she advised him that the business had been sold and that she desired the ownership changed in the policies showing her as a lienholder. According to Mrs. Jefferies the agent advised her that inasmuch as the policies would soon be up for renewal she should leave them as then written and that she 'was covered.' There is no other evidence in the record with reference to agent Rogers.

In answer to the issues submitted the jury found (a) that the reasonable cash market value of the contents destroyed in the fire was $15,000.00; (b) that appellee Jefferies at the time of the fire owned contents therein of the reasonable cash market value of $5,000 .00; (c) that after the sales contract of June 14, 1973 had been executed, but before the fire loss in question, appellee Mildred Jefferies requested the agent A. J. Rogers to change he ownership of the policies and protect her interest therein, but the agent represented to her that all of the contents of the building were covered; (d) that the reasonable cash market value of the contents described as the assets sold in the sales contract and destroyed in the fire was $10,000.00. The jury failed to find that the the time of the fire appellees owned all of the contents of the 6410 Gaston Avenue building.

Appellees timely filed their Motion For Judgment on the Verdict and for Judgment N.O.V. which was overruled, and the Court entered Judgment for appellees against each appellant for the sum of $7,500.00 with accrued interest, or a total of $15,000.00, together with accrued interest in the total amount of $1,800.00.

Appellants bring forward three Points of Error asserting that the trial court erred in rendering judgment for appellees because (a) appellees failed to prove no change of ownership of the insured contents and no ultimate issues were submitted by appellees on the issues of waiver and estoppel; (b) that the direct loss to appellees, as found by the jury, was $5,000.00, and (c) the trial court erred in submitting Special Issues Nos. 6 and 7 since they were merely evidentiary and not ultimate issues and could form no basis for a judgment for appellees.

Inasmuch as appellants pled change of ownership of the insured property as a defense to appellees' action, if change of ownership was raised by the evidence, the burden of proof was on the appellees to negative the application of such exclusionary provision. Sherman v. Provident American Insurance Company, 421 S.W.2d 652 (Tex.1967); Hardware Dealers Mutual Insurance Company v. Berglund, 393 S.W.2d 309 (Tex.1965). The validity of such a provision limiting or restricting coverage is not open to question. The reason for such clauses is that a contract of property insurance is considered to be personalized in its risks and the courts are reluctant to require insurers to assume dangers not contemplated and to protect persons with whom no contract was ever made. Such provisions limiting coverage are reasonable and valid. Bucher v. Employers Casualty Company, 409 S.W.2d 583 (Tex.Civ.App.--Fort Worth 1966, no writ); Home Insurance Company v. Brownlee, 480 S.W.2d 491 (Tex.Civ.App.--Eastland 1972, no writ); Continental Insurance Company v. Michaels, 13 S.W.2d 465 (Tex.Civ.App.--Texarkana 1929, no writ).

To escape the consequences of the alleged change in ownership, appellees pled that such exclusionary provision had been waived by appellants and that they were estopped to rely upon it. Unless no change in ownership had been conclusively established in the evidence, it was incumbent upon appellees to submit to the jury and obtain favorable findings on the issues of waiver and estoppel in order to avoid the consequences of the exclusionary provision. Rule 279, T.R.C.P Appellees assert it was conclusively...