Fidelity-Phenix Fire Ins. Co. v. Lawler

• Decision Date: 09 August 1955
• Docket Number: FIDELITY-PHENIX,8 Div. 371
• Parties: FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY v. Hulon LAWLER.
• Court: Alabama Court of Appeals

Page 908

81 So.2d 908

38 Ala.App. 245

FIDELITY-PHENIX FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY v. Hulon LAWLER.

8 Div. 371.

Court of Appeals of Alabama.

Aug. 9, 1955.

Marvin Williams, Jr., and Davies & Williams, Birmingham, for appellant.

H. Neil Taylor and Kennedy Williams, Russellville, for appellee.

PRICE, Judge.

This is an action by the insured to recover the value of a dwelling house alleged to have been destroyed by fire on September 23, 1951, and insured against such destruction by a policy of insurance issued by the defendant on the 18th day of September, 1951. Trial below before the court, without the intervention of a jury, resulted in judgment for plaintiff and defendant appeals.

The defendant filed a plea in abatement alleging the insured's failure to comply with the provisions of the policy requiring the furnishing of proof of loss.

In addition to the general replication, plaintiff filed replications 2 and 3, which recite:

'2. For special replication to said plea in abatement plaintiff says that a week or ten days after his house burned an agent of the defendant, an adjuster named Jim Davidson, after investigating the fire and talking to the plaintiff told the plaintiff that he, the plaintiff, would probably not see him, the adjuster, any more but that someone would be around in a little while and settle up with him, and plaintiff relied on such statement by the adjuster and was misled thereby and did not file his proof of loss because of said statement, whereupon the defendant waived or is now estopped to set up the defense asserted in said plea.'

'3. * * * That right after plaintiff's house burned an insurance adjuster named Jim Davidson, engaged in the investigation of the loss, was looking for plaintiff and told one Jessie Yokum that he wanted to find the plaintiff and pay him his loss and said Jessie Yokum told plaintiff what the adjuster had said. Later said adjuster wrote plaintiff to meet him at the Citizens Bank and Savings Company in Russellville and the plaintiff did meet the adjuster as requested. The adjuster and plaintiff went to the place of the fire and the adjuster after investigating the fire and talking to the plaintiff had the plaintiff list all the furniture that was in the house at the time it burned and then when the adjuster was ready to leave he told plaintiff that he, the plaintiff, would probably not see him, the adjuster, any more but that someone would be around in a little while and settle up with him, the plaintiff. The plaintiff relied on said statement and was misled thereby and did not file his proof of loss because of said statement. Wherefore the defendant waived or is now estopped to set up the defense asserted in said plea.'

Defendant's demurrer to the replications was overruled and defendant joined issue on said replications.

On the trial of the issues under the plea in abatement defendant offered in evidence as exhibit number 1 to the testimony of James E. Davidson the policy of insurance issued by defendant to the plaintiff. The witness Davidson testified that in September, 1951, he was employed by the General Adjustment Bureau in Florence, Alabama; that he had reported to him a fire loss sustained by Hulon Lawler; that he was in charge of the handling of that claim insofar as the General Adjustment Bureau was concerned and that he was at that time an employee of the Fidelity-Phenix Fire Insurance Company; that he had no authority from the Fidelity-Phenix Fire Insurance Company either to pay or deny the Hulon Lawler loss; that he had no authority to tell plaintiff the company would pay the loss and he did not tell him the company would pay his loss and did not tell him someone else would be sent later to pay his loss.

On cross-examination the witness testified he did investigate the fire, his first visit being some week or ten days after the fire; that he wrote Mr. Lawler to meet him at the Citizens Bank and they went from there to where the house burned; that he looked over all the premises, made an investigation and talked to Mr. Lawler about it; that he did not have Mr. Lawler to make out a list of furniture in the house, since he was not interested in the furniture because there was no insurance on the furniture; that he did not recall telling Mr. Lawler when he left that he would probably not see him any more and did not tell him there would be someone out in a little while to settle up with him. The witness also stated that he asked a man named Pride, an automobile insurance adjuster, who was in the vicinity, to notify plaintiff that 'they would get over on the claim as soon as they had time.'

Plaintiff testified he had 'seen so many of them' he wouldn't be sure that he knows Mr. Davidson; that sometime after his house was burned he met some man at the Citizens Bank in Russellville who told him he was an insurance adjuster representing plaintiff's insurer, and had come to investigate his fire loss; that he met the adjuster about one o'clock and went with him to the scene of the fire and they stayed there 15 or 20 minutes; that this man investigated the site and took a list, signed by plaintiff, of the furniture and household goods which were in the house; that after making an investigation the man told plaintiff that he would probably not see him again, but someone else would be around and they would settle with plaintiff or come to some kind of agreement; the adjuster then left and plaintiff did not see him again.

Plaintiff stated on cross-examination that he had never filed proof of loss.

The trial court's action in overruling demurrer to the replications is made the basis of appellant's first two assignments of error.

It is insisted the replications are defective for failure to allege 'that insurer's agent was duly authorized in the premises, or that the alleged acts and declarations were within the scope of the agency.'

In Couch on Insurance, Vol. 2, Sec. 548c, page 1738, it is said: 'Although an adjuster, in the absence of some evidence of authority to alter the contract of insurance, ordinarily has no authority to waive any of its essential conditions, yet, as a general rule, an adjuster authorized to act in the premises may waive notice and formal proofs of loss, waiver of proofs of loss being regarded as within the apparent scope of an adjuster appointed by the insurer.'

There is no merit in defendant's contention noted above. As was said by Judge Carr in Royal Insurance Co. v. Story, 34 Ala.App. 363, 40 So.2d 719, 721: 'It may have been in conformity with better pleading to have stated the nature and character of the agents' duties. However, the proof without conflict supplied this omission, and clearly the appellant was not in any manner injured by a failure in this respect. Rules of Practice in Supreme Court, rule 45, Code 1940, Tit. 7 Appendix. Smith v. Tripp, 246 Ala. 421, 20 So.2d 870; State Realty Co. v. Ligon, 218 Ala. 541, 119 So. 672; Life & Casualty Ins. Co. of Tenn. v. Peacock, 220 Ala. 104, 124 So. 229; Day & Sachs v. Travelers' Ins. Co., 223 Ala. 558, 137 So. 409.'

It is stated further in Couch on Insurance, Vol. 2, Sec. 548c, at page 1743: 'So, proofs of loss are waived where the insurer's adjuster visits the scene of the fire, interviews the insured, and procures an invoice of the goods destroyed and those saved, and takes the same away with him.' See also United States Fire Insurance Co. v. Smith, 231 Ala. 169, 164 So. 70, 103 A.L.R. 1468; London Assur. v. Hendon, 30 Ala.App. 175, 2 So.2d 917.

We hold that the trial court did not err in 'overruling defendant's plea in abatement, or in rendering judgment in favor of the plaintiff and against defendant on the issues made by the plea in abatement and replications thereto,' as insisted upon under defendant's third assignment of error.

The law is well settled that in cases, such as this, where the evidence is ore tenus, or partly so, and the trial court has had the advantage of seeing and hearing the witnesses testify, the trial court's conclusions will not be disturbed unless plainly and palpably contrary to the weight of the evidence. Hackett v. Cash, 196 Ala. 403, 72 So. 52; Johnstone v. O'Rear, 220 Ala. 219, 124 So. 743; London Assur. v. Hendon, supra. After a careful consideration of the evidence submitted on the plea in abatement, and indulging all reasonable presumptions in favor of the correctness of the trial court's conclusions, we are of the opinion that the evidence was sufficient to sustain the trial court in its ruling in this instance.

It is contended that the court erred in overruling defendant's objection to this question propounded to plaintiff on the trial of the issues presented by the plea:

'Q. Did he or not while he was talking to you at the place ask you to give him a list of furniture and household goods which were in the house?'

Defendant objected to the question on the ground 'it is not shown this man was an agent of this defendant having authority to adjust the loss, it is not shown what his authority was or even who he was up to the present time.' The court overruled the...