Flournoy v. State

• Decision Date: 15 February 1984
• Docket Number: No. 597-83,597-83
• Citation: 668 S.W.2d 380
• Parties: Keith Wayne FLOURNOY, Appellant, v. The STATE of Texas, Appellee.
• Court: Texas Court of Criminal Appeals

Page 380

668 S.W.2d 380

Keith Wayne FLOURNOY, Appellant, v. The STATE of Texas, Appellee.

No. 597-83.

Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas,

En Banc.

Feb. 15, 1984.

Larry M. Thompson (court appointed on appeal only), Fort Worth, for appellant.

Tim Curry, Dist. Atty., C. Chris Marshall and Gary L. Medlin, Asst. Dist. Attys., Fort Worth, Robert Huttash, State's Atty., Austin, for the State.

Before the court en banc.

OPINION ON STATE'S PETITION FOR DISCRETIONARY REVIEW

TEAGUE, Judge.

The State, through the petition for discretionary review that was filed by a remand of the staff of the Hon. Tim Curry, District Attorney of Tarrant County, challenges the correctness of the holding that the Fort Worth Court of Appeals made in Flournoy v. State, 650 S.W.2d 526 (Tex.App.1983), which was that the evidence was insufficient to sustain the attempted burglary of a habitation conviction of Keith Wayne Flournoy, who is the appellant in this cause. We agree with the State that the evidence is sufficient to sustain appellant's conviction. The judgment of the Court of Appeals will therefore be reversed and the cause remanded to that Court for it to consider appellant's grounds of error which have not yet been reviewed.

The evidence reflects that Lyndia Conley, the complainant, resided in a mobile home in a rural area of Tarrant County. Conley testified that at approximately 9:00 a.m. on the day in question, while watching television, she saw appellant, who was accompanied by an unidentified passenger, drive his motor vehicle into her driveway, park the vehicle, get out of the vehicle, and commence walking toward the front of her mobile home. The passenger remained inside of the vehicle. This was the first time that Conley had ever seen either appellant or his passenger.

While appellant was walking toward her mobile home, Conley got up from her chair, turned off the television set, went and checked both the front and back doors of her residence to make sure that they were locked, which she found they were, and then placed herself in a position whereby her field of vision encompassed appellant, his vehicle, and the passenger that was in appellant's vehicle. However, neither appellant nor his passenger were able to see from the front of the mobile home what was inside because the window to the front door resembled a "one-way-mirror," in that some type of substance had been placed on the window of the front door, thereby enabling one on the inside of the mobile home to see outside, but preventing persons on the outside from seeing inside the home.

Conley testified that appellant walked to the front of the mobile home. He then commenced hitting or striking with his hand or fist a metal strip that was attached to the mobile home. This caused a loud noise. However, Conley did not respond to appellant's "knocking." After appellant did not receive any response, he returned to his automobile, where he spoke briefly with his passenger, after which the passenger immediately got out of the vehicle and proceeded to the rear of the mobile home, where he attempted to look inside of the mobile home through a rear window. However, because the window was too high from the ground, his efforts to see the inside of the mobile home were for naught. He then returned and got back inside of appellant's vehicle.

Conley further testified that after the passenger went to the rear of the mobile home, she then saw appellant return to the front of the mobile home, where he "proceeded trying to unlock the door ... his hands were moving like he was trying to--like a screwdriver or something, like he was trying to get into something." Conley also testified: "The screen door was closed, and he was trying to--going through the screen door, trying to get to the main door ... I was watching, as he kept moving his hands, like he was trying to open the [front] door."

Conley, after forming the opinion that appellant "was getting ready to come into the house," got a loaded .410 shotgun, after which she placed herself directly behind the front door. She then opened the door. Appellant, who was then standing directly in front of the doorway to the mobile home, was told by Conley: "[G]et the hell out of here." Appellant immediately ran to his parked automobile, got inside, and then drove his vehicle away from Conley's premises. Conley, however, successfully managed to make a note of the number of the license plate that was on appellant's vehicle. Thereafter, she notified the authorities and informed them, inter alia, of the license plate number she had taken down. The vehicle was eventually traced to appellant, whose defense to the accusation was alibi.

The Court of Appeals held the above evidence was insufficient to establish beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant had committed the criminal offense of attempted burglary of Conley's habitation. It further held that appellant did not commit an "act," as that word is defined by V.T.C.A., Penal Code, Section 1.07(a)(1), ^* that amounted to more than mere preparation to effect the object offense. The Court of Appeals expressly stated the following:

... his conduct had not yet reached a point where it could be said to amount to more than mere preparation ...

We must respectfully disagree with the conclusions the Court of Appeals reached.

Recently, this Court in McCravy v. State, 642 S.W.2d 450 (Tex.Cr.App.1980), pointed out the following:

There is necessarily a 'gray area' between an allegation of a situation which is clearly no more than mere preparation, and an allegation of a situation in which the accused is discovered clearly engaged in the last act prior to a successful entry.

V.T.C.A., Penal Code, Section 15.01(a) provides:

A person commits an offense if, with specific intent to commit an offense, he does an act amounting to more than mere preparation that tends but fails to effect the commission of the offense intended.

This comports with former Penal Code Article 1402, which provided:

An 'attempt' [to commit the crime of burglary] is an endeavor to accomplish the crime of burglary carried beyond mere preparation, but falling short of the ultimate design in any part of it.

We believe that the provisions of Section 15.01, supra, when read in conjunction with the present burglary statute, see V.T.C.A., Penal Code, Section 30.02, are clearly written to reflect that in order for the State to successfully establish that the crime of attempted burglary has been committed by the accused, it is necessary for the State to prove beyond a reasonable doubt, by either direct or circumstantial evidence, that the accused, with the requisite intent, did an act amounting to more than mere preparation to enter the habitation of the complainant, which tended, but failed, to effect the commission of the burglary.

In this instance, the State alleged that the "act," see supra, occurred when appellant "reached his hand through a screen door of [Conley's] habitation." We find and hold, contrary to the Court of Appeals, that the State proved its allegation beyond a reasonable doubt.

We believe that when the Court of Appeals held that the evidence was insufficient, it either did not read Conley's testimony in the light most favorable to the verdict of the jury, as it should have done, or it penalized the State because of the absence from the record of any testimony or evidence independent from Conley's, that either the screen door or the main front door to Conley's mobile home had sustained any damage.

This is not a case dependent on circumstantial evidence. Instead, it is a case based totally upon the eyewitness testimony of Conley. Where the State's case is based on direct evidence, review of the question of the sufficiency of the evidence to sustain a conviction will be viewed in the light most favorable to the judgment, (where the trial judge is the trier of fact), or the verdict, (where the jury is the trier of fact). Sewell v. State, 578 S.W.2d 131 (Tex.Cr.App.1979). "[T]he relevant question is whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt." Griffin v. State, 614 S.W.2d 155, 159 (Tex.Cr.app.1981), quoting from Johnson v. Louisiana, 406 U.S. 356, 362, 92 S.Ct. 1620, 1624, 32 L.Ed.2d 152 (1972). We believe...