Floyd v. Lipka

• Decision Date: 25 February 1959
• Citation: 1 Storey 487,51 Del. 487,148 A.2d 541
• Parties: , 51 Del. 487 Louise Katie FLOYD, an infant, by her next friend, Katie Floyd, and Katie Floyd, mother of said minor, Plaintiffs-below, Appellants, v. Edward V. LIPKA, Defendant-below, Appellee.
• Court: United States State Supreme Court of Delaware

Page 541

148 A.2d 541

1 Storey 487, 51 Del. 487

Louise Katie FLOYD, an infant, by her next friend, Katie Floyd, and Katie Floyd, mother of said minor Plaintiffs-below, Appellants, v. Edward V. LIPKA, Defendant-below, Appellee.

Supreme Court of Delaware.

Feb. 25, 1959.

Samuel R. Russell, of Simon & Russell, Wilmington, for plaintiffs below, appellant.

William Prickett, Jr., of Prickett & Pricket, Wilmington, for defendant below, appellee.

SOUTHERLAND, C. J., and WOLCOTT and BRAMHALL, JJ., sitting.

BRAMHALL, Justice.

This appeal is concerned with the question of whether a minor plaintiff, about to cross a street intersection after looking before entering the street and again looking when she stepped off the curb, was guilty of contributory negligence as a matter of law for failing to look thereafter.

Viewing the evidence, as we must, in the light most favorable to plaintiff, the facts are substantially as follows: At about seven o'clock in the evening of November 4, 1955, the minor plaintiff, a young girl twelve years of age (plaintiff), and a girl friend were returning home from the drugstore at the southeast corner of Lancaster Avenue and Harrison Street, in the City of Wilmington. They were intending to cross the street at the intersection. It was dark. Plaintiff was wearing a white blouse without a coat. Both Lancaster Avenue and Harrison Street are two-way streets, Lancaster Avenue running east and west and Harrison Street north and south. The roadbed from curb to curb on Lancaster Avenue is 38 feet wide; that on Harrision Street is 34 feet wide. There are stop signs at the intersection against traffic proceeding on Harrison Street.

Before proceeding to cross Harrison Street, plaintiff looked for traffic on Harrison Street in both directions. She saw several cars stopped at the intersection on Harrison Street, on the south side of Lancaster Avenue, in obedience to the stop sign. From the north she saw no traffic except several cars parked at the west curb of Harrison Street. Plaintiff stepped off the sidewalk. She paused and looked around to see if her friend was following her. Then she looked again in both directions for traffic on Harrison Street, with the same result. She then proceeded to cross. She did not look thereafter. When plaintiff had reached a point in the intersection approximately four feet from the west curb of Harrison Street, she was struck by the right front fender of defendant's automobile proceeding in a southerly direction on Harrison Street. Plaintiff did not see defendant's car before it struck her. Defendant admitted to plaintiff's mother that he had been in his uncle's saloon located on the northwest corner of Lancaster Avenue and Harrison Street.

At the trial defendant moved for a directed verdict for defendant. The trial judge in granting defendant's motion stated that it was apparent that if plaintiff had looked again after she reached approximately the center of the intersection, she would have seen defendant's car approaching and could have avoided being hit. This appeal is from the judgment entered upon the trial judge's order.

The only question presented is: Was plaintiff, after looking before entering the intersection and again looking after stepping into the street, guilty of contributory negligence as a matter of law for failing to look thereafter?

We think that the question of plaintiff's contributory negligence was for the jury to determine and that the trial judge erred in holding as a matter of law that plaintiff was guilty of contributory negligence for failing to look again or to continue to look while crossing the intersection.

Plaintiff was under a duty at all times when she entered the intersection to use ordinary care to protect herself against accidents. That care is such as a reasonable and prudent person under the circumstances of the case would exercise to prevent herself from being injured. It must be in proportion to the danger to be avoided. Parvis v. Philadelphia, W. & B. R. Co., 8 Houst. 436, 17 A. 702. At a street intersection it was her duty to observe traffic conditions, particularly the movement of traffic in the intersection.

Defendant was under a duty to operate his motor vehicle in a careful and prudent manner, having due regard to the circumstances. It was his duty to observe the stop sign at the intersection. Title 21, § 4143, Del.C.1953 provides that it shall be unlawful for a driver of a motor vehicle (1) to fail to stop in obedience to such a sign, and (2) after coming to a full stop, to enter or cross such intersection until such movement can be made in safety. The evidence does not disclose whether or not defendant stopped at the stop sign, but it does show that defendant's motor vehicle entered the intersection and struck the plaintiff. For the purpose of defendant's motion, his negligence was necessarily conceded.

Defendant was under a further duty to yield the right of way to plaintiff. In 21 Del.C. § 4138(c), 1953, it is provided that 'the driver of a vehicle upon a highway within a business or a residence district shall yield the right of way to a pedestrian crossing such highway within any clearly marked crosswalk or any regular pedestrian crossing * * *.' Section 302(a) of the Motor Vehicle Laws, Traffic Regulations and Rules of Drivers, of the Street and Sewer Department of the City of Wilmington is to the same effect. Under similar statutes in a number of jurisdictions, the...