Franciere v. City of Mandan
Decision Date | 29 June 2020 |
Docket Number | No. 20200018,20200018 |
Citation | 945 N.W.2d 251 |
Parties | Susan FRANCIERE, Plaintiff and Appellant v. CITY OF MANDAN, Defendant and Appellee |
Court | North Dakota Supreme Court |
Susan Franciere, Mandan, ND, plaintiff and appellant; submitted on brief.
Scott K. Porsborg and Austin T. Lafferty, Bismarck, ND, for defendant and appellee; submitted on brief.
[¶1] Susan Franciere appeals the district court judgment granting the City of Mandan's motion to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction due to insufficient service. Franciere argues Mandan waived its personal jurisdiction claims, the district court improperly dismissed the case with prejudice, the district court erred when it denied her motion to compel discovery, and the district court judge was biased against her. We modify the judgment for dismissal without prejudice, and affirm as modified.
[¶2] The underlying facts were summarized in Franciere v. City of Mandan , 2019 ND 233, ¶¶ 2-6, 932 N.W.2d 907.
The district court declared Franciere's action moot and dismissed it with prejudice. It declined to rule on Mandan's motion to dismiss for insufficient service of process and lack of personal jurisdiction. This Court vacated the district court's judgment and remanded for determination of Mandan's motion to dismiss for insufficiency of service of process and lack of personal jurisdiction. Franciere , at ¶ 13.
[¶3] Franciere moved for an extension of time and to compel discovery. Franciere requested the district court issue an order requiring Mandan to answer Interrogatory Nos. 34 and 35 and provide particular documents. The district court granted the extension of time and denied the motion to compel. Both parties briefed the personal jurisdiction issue and the district court found Franciere did not serve process on Mandan in compliance with N.D.R.Civ.P. 4(d)(2)(E). The district court granted Mandan's motion to dismiss with prejudice.
[¶4] Franciere argues Mandan waived any arguments regarding personal jurisdiction. Mandan argues it properly asserted and preserved its defense.
[¶5] In Franciere v. City of Mandan , 2019 ND 233, ¶ 10, 932 N.W.2d 907, we concluded the issue of personal jurisdiction was adequately preserved. That determination is law of the case. Gadeco, LLC v. Indus. Comm'n of State , 2013 ND 72, ¶ 13, 830 N.W.2d 535. Therefore, Mandan has not waived any arguments on personal jurisdiction.
[¶6] Franciere argues the district court improperly dismissed the case for lack of personal jurisdiction due to inadequate service of process.
[¶7] Review of a district court's decision regarding personal jurisdiction over a defendant is well established:
Solid Comfort, Inc. v. Hatchett Hosp. Inc. , 2013 ND 152, ¶ 9, 836 N.W.2d 415 (internal citations and quotation marks omitted).
[¶8] An elementary principle for rendition of a valid judgment is that the district court have both subject matter jurisdiction over the cause of action and personal jurisdiction over the parties. See, e.g. , Smith v. City of Grand Forks , 478 N.W.2d 370, 371 (N.D. 1991).
[¶9] The holding in Smith v. City of Grand Forks , 478 N.W.2d 370 (N.D. 1991), was summarized in Franciere's prior appeal:
Franciere , 2019 ND 233, ¶ 11, 932 N.W.2d 907.
[¶10] "A party must strictly comply with the specific requirements for service of process." Sanderson v. Walsh County , 2006 ND 83, ¶ 13, 712 N.W.2d 842. "Absent valid service of process, even actual knowledge of the existence of a lawsuit is insufficient to effectuate personal jurisdiction over a defendant." Id. ; see also Riemers v. State , 2006 ND 162, ¶ 7, 718 N.W.2d 566.
[¶11] Here, the City of Mandan was the party being served. Rule 4 of the North Dakota Rules of Civil Procedure addresses "persons subject to jurisdiction; process; and service," and states:
[¶12] " ‘[D]elivering’ a copy of the summons as contemplated under N.D.R.Civ.P. 4(d)(2)(E) and 4(d)(2)(F) does not include mailing, even by certified mail with return receipt and restricted delivery." Sanderson , 2006 ND 83, ¶ 18, 712 N.W.2d 842.
[¶13] The evidence is uncontested that Franciere mailed the summons and complaint by certified mail to:
City of Mandan205 2nd Ave NWMandan, ND 58554
Personal service on a city must comply with N.D.R.Civ.P. 4(d)(2)(E) and requires delivering a copy of the summons to any member of its governing board. Absent valid service of process, even knowledge of the existence of a lawsuit is insufficient to effectuate personal jurisdiction over a defendant, and "delivery" under N.D.R.Civ.P. 4(d)(2)(E) does not include mailing, even by certified mail. See Sanderson , 2006 ND 83, ¶ 18, 712 N.W.2d 842 ; Riemers , 2006 ND 162, ¶ 7, 718 N.W.2d 566. Franciere did not properly deliver a copy of the summons, and therefore did not properly serve Mandan. As a result, the court did not acquire personal jurisdiction over Mandan and properly dismissed the case.
[¶14] Franciere argues the district court erred when it dismissed her case with prejudice. We agree.
[¶15] In Riemers v. State , 2006 ND 162, 718 N.W.2d 566, Riemers attempted to commence the action by serving process via certified mail with return receipt. The district court issued an order granting the dismissal for insufficient service of process. Riemers appealed, arguing he served process in accordance with the Rules of Civil Procedure. This Court held service was improper and " ’ Id. at ¶ 10. The Court stated, "Therefore, while the district court correctly dismissed the action, it erred doing so with prejudice." Id.
[¶16] Like Riemers , this case was correctly dismissed, but the district court erred in doing so with prejudice. We affirm dismissal for lack of...
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...comply" with the specific requirements under N.D.R.Civ.P. 4 for service of process. Franciere v. City of Mandan , 2020 ND 143, ¶ 10, 945 N.W.2d 251 (affirming dismissal for lack of personal jurisdiction because of inadequate service of process on the city under N.D.R.Civ.P. 4(d)(2)(E) ). "V......
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