Fredrick v. City of Janesville

• Decision Date: 04 December 1979
• Docket Number: No. 78-819,78-819
• Citation: 285 N.W.2d 655,92 Wis.2d 685
• Parties: Orland H. FREDRICK and Connie Fredrick, Plaintiffs-Appellants-Petitioners, v. CITY OF JANESVILLE, a Municipal Corporation, Continental Casualty Company, a Foreign Corporation, Defendants-Respondents.
• Court: Wisconsin Supreme Court

Page 655

285 N.W.2d 655

92 Wis.2d 685

Orland H. FREDRICK and Connie Fredrick Plaintiffs-Appellants-Petitioners, v. CITY OF JANESVILLE, a Municipal Corporation, Continental Casualty Company, a Foreign Corporation Defendants-Respondents.

No. 78-819.

Supreme Court of Wisconsin.

Submitted Sept. 14, 1979.

Decided Dec. 4, 1979.

Richard E. Rosenberg and Nowlan & Mouat, Janesville, for appellants.

Eli Block, Janesville, for respondents.

PER CURIAM.

The plaintiffs appealed to the Court of Appeals from an order of the trial court dated September 22, 1978, which granted the defendants' motion to dismiss at the close of the plaintiffs' case. The order dismissed the action as to all defendants on the merits, with prejudice, and with statutory costs to the defendants.

The Court of Appeals, on its own motion, dismissed the plaintiffs' appeal on the ground that although the September 22, 1978 order could be a final appealable order within the definition of sec. 808.03(1), Stats., it was not a final order under the circumstances of this case because the trial court subsequently entered an Order for Judgment on October 4, 1978, and a Judgment on October 19, 1978. 91 Wis.2d 572, 574-75, 283 N.W.2d 480 (1979).

The Court of Appeals in this case held that the test to determine whether a decision is a final order or judgment is ". . . whether the trial court contemplated that an additional formal document would be entered with respect to the matter covered in the decision . . ." Id. at 575, 283 N.W.2d at 482. Applying that test, the court concluded the trial court had not intended the September 22nd order to be final because it subsequently entered the October 4th order and October 19th judgment.

We agree with the test to determine finality as stated by the Court of Appeals. In fact, this court in the past has stated the test in much the same way. See, E. g., State v. Kasuboski, 83 Wis.2d 909, 910, 266 N.W.2d 433 (1978); Barneveld State Bank v. Petersen, 68 Wis.2d 26, 29-30, 227 N.W.2d 690 (1975). In Estate of Baumgarten, 12 Wis.2d 212, 107 N.W.2d 169 (1961), this court held that a memorandum decision issued by a trial court could be a final order. We stated at p. 220, 107 N.W.2d at p. 174:

". . . There is nothing stated in such decision that any further order is contemplated to be entered with respect to such motion. The prior holdings of this court establish that a memorandum opinion or decision may constitute an order if it in fact constitutes the final ruling of the court. . . ."

See also Walford v. Bartsch, 65 Wis.2d 254, 222 N.W.2d 633 (1974).

These cases, and prior ones, were decided when the statutes prescribed that to be appealable an order had to be a final order affecting a substantial right made in a special proceeding or a final order affecting a substantial right which in effect determined the action and prevented a judgment from which an appeal could be taken. See sec. 817.33, Stats. (1975). Under present sec. 808.03(1), Stats., an appeal as a matter of right can be taken from a final judgment or final order ". . . which disposes of the entire matter in litigation as to one or more of the parties, whether rendered in an action or special proceeding." A judgment is defined in sec. 806.01(1)(a), Stats., as ". . . the determination of the action." The September 22nd document issued by the trial court in this case determined the action and was a judgment within the meaning of this definition.

In the past, this court has held that orders granting motions for nonsuit at the close of the plaintiff's case were not appealable. Era Club, Inc. v. Rupp, 244 Wis. 587, 13 N.W.2d 88 (1944). Such orders were not appealable because they did not determine the action nor prevent a judgment from which an appeal could be taken. Both those conditions (in addition to affecting a substantial right) had to exist for an order to be appealable. Welford v. Bartsch, Supra, 65 Wis.2d at 257, 222 N.W.2d 633.

On the other hand, this court in the past has also held that orders dismissing an action were appealable because they were in effect, judgments. Last v. Puehler, 19 Wis.2d 291, 293, 120 N.W.2d 120 (1963); State v. Donohue, 11 Wis.2d 517, 105 N.W.2d 844 (1960). See Russell v. Johnson, 14 Wis.2d 406, 412, 111 N.W.2d 193 (1961); State v. Eigel, 210 Wis. 275, 246 N.W. 417 (1933).

Whether the September 22nd document is viewed as an order or as a judgment, its appealability is dependent upon whether it is final. As indicated, the Court of Appeals concluded it was not final because an order and judgment were subsequently entered. We reject the Court of Appeals' reasoning that subsequent events can determine the finality of the order or judgment. The test of finality is not what later happened in the case but rather, whether the trial court contemplated the document to be a final judgment or...