Freeman v. Howard
| Docket Number | CV-23-0814 |
| Decision Date | 18 April 2024 |
| Citation | 2024 NY Slip Op 02116 |
| Parties | In the Matter of Kirk Freeman, Appellant, v. David Howard, as Superintendent of Woodbourne Correctional Facility, Respondent. |
| Court | New York Supreme Court — Appellate Division |
Calendar Date: March 22, 2024.
Kirk Freeman, Altona, appellant pro se.
Letitia James, Attorney General, Albany (Frank Brady of counsel), for respondent.
Before: Egan Jr., J.P., Clark, Lynch, Reynolds Fitzgerald and Fisher, JJ.
Appeal from a judgment of the Supreme Court (Kathleen B. Hogan, J.) entered March 31, 2023 in Washington County, which dismissed petitioner's application, in a proceeding pursuant to CPLR article 78, to, among other things, compel the Department of Corrections and Community Supervision to recalculate certain sentences to run concurrently.
In 2015, petitioner was convicted of criminal sale of a controlled substance in the third degree and sentenced, as a second felony offender, to a prison term of six years followed by three years of postrelease supervision - which sentence was to be served as a sentence of parole supervision pursuant to CPL 410.91. [1] Following petitioner's release to parole supervision, he was declared delinquent. Thereafter, in 2017, petitioner was convicted of attempted criminal possession of a controlled substance in the third degree and sentenced, as second felony offender, to a prison term of four years, followed by three years of postrelease supervision. By operation of law, the Department of Corrections and Community Supervision (hereinafter DOCCS) calculated the 2017 sentence to run consecutively to the undischarged term of the 2015 sentence (see Penal Law § 70.25 [2-a]).
In August 2020, following a successful CPL 440.20 motion by petitioner alleging that he was not eligible for a parole supervision sentence pursuant to CPL 410.91, the 2015 sentence was vacated and petitioner was sentenced to a prison term of six years, followed by three years of postrelease supervision. In calculating petitioner's sentence, DOCCS treated the 2015 resentence as if it had commenced at the time the original 2015 sentence began (see Penal Law § 70.30 [5]) and ran the 2017 sentence consecutively to the 2015 resentence. [2] Petitioner then commenced the instant proceeding challenging the sentencing calculation, claiming, among other things, that since the 2015 sentence was vacated and reimposed after the imposition of the 2017 sentence, Penal Law § 70.25 (2-a) is inapplicable and, therefore, his sentences should run concurrently. In addition, petitioner sought to expunge any parole records, violations and declaration of delinquency pertaining to the 2015 vacated sentence. Supreme Court dismissed the petition, finding that DOCCS correctly calculated the sentence in that the 2015 and 2017 sentences ran consecutively. Petitioner appeals. [3]
We affirm. Contrary to petitioner's contention, DOCCS properly calculated petitioner's 2017 sentence as running consecutively to his 2015 resentence. Penal Law § 70.25 (2-a) provides, as is relevant here, that when a person is sentenced as a second felony offender "and such person is subject to an undischarged indeterminate or determinate sentence of imprisonment imposed prior to the date on which the present crime was committed, the court must impose a sentence to run consecutively with respect to such undischarged sentence." Petitioner was subject to the 2015 sentence at the time he was sentenced as a second felony offender in 2017, as well as when he committed the underlying crime in 2016. As such, DOCCS was required under Penal Law § 70.25 (2-a) to run the 2017 sentence consecutively to the 2015 sentence, despite no express order by the sentencing court (see People ex rel. Gill v Greene, 12 N.Y.3d 1, 4 [2009], cert denied sub nom. Gill v Rock, 558 U.S. 837 [2009]; Matter of Rahman v Annucci, 219 A.D.3d 1040, 1042 [3d Dept 2023]).
Petitioner's subsequent resentencing on the 2015 conviction does not render the provision of Penal Law § 70.25 (2-a) inapplicable. Penal Law § 70.30 (5) provides, in relevant part, that "[w]hen a sentence of imprisonment that has been imposed on a person is vacated and a new sentence is imposed on such person for the same offense, or for an offense based upon the same act, the new sentence shall be calculated as if it had commenced at the time the vacated sentence commenced." Following the vacatur of the original 2015 sentence, petitioner was resentenced, as a second felony offender, to a prison term of six years followed by three years of postrelease supervision. Unlike in Matter of Murray v Goord (1 N.Y.3d 29 [2003]), on which petitioner relies, here, petitioner's 2015 judgment of conviction was never vacated, only the sentence (see Matter of Bond v Annucci, 189 A.D.3d 1843, 1846-1847 [3d Dept 2020], lv denied 36 N.Y.3d 912 [2021]). The fact that petitioner was resentenced on the 2015 conviction does not alter the fact that, by operation of law, DOCCS was required to run the 2017 sentence consecutively to the undischarged portion of the 2015 resentence (see Penal Law §§ 70.25 (2-a); 70.30 [...
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