Frenchtown Five LLC v. Vanikiotis

• Decision Date: 09 December 2004
• Docket Number: No. 2004-30-Appeal.,2004-30-Appeal.
• Citation: 863 A.2d 1279
• Parties: FRENCHTOWN FIVE L.L.C. v. Carmela VANIKIOTIS, alias Jane Doe.
• Court: Rhode Island Supreme Court

863 A.2d 1279

FRENCHTOWN FIVE L.L.C. v. Carmela VANIKIOTIS, alias Jane Doe.

No. 2004-30-Appeal.

Supreme Court of Rhode Island.

December 9, 2004.

Robert B. Jacquard, for Plaintiff.

Donna M. Lamontagne, Wellesley, MA, for Defendant.

Present: WILLIAMS, C.J., GOLDBERG, FLAHERTY, SUTTELL, and ROBINSON, JJ.

OPINION

PER CURIAM.

The plaintiff, Frenchtown Five L.L.C., and its predecessors-in-title historically have benefited from a right-of-way across the defendant's property to access the rear portion of their lot. When the defendant, Carmela Vanikiotis, frustrated access to the right-of-way, the plaintiff sought judicial intervention. After hearing testimony from the parties, the Superior Court enjoined the defendant from blocking or impeding the plaintiff's right-of-way across her land, ordered that the defendant remove a cement block which she had installed on the right-of-way, and directed the defendant to keep open a "roadway" at least ten feet in width over her property to allow for vehicles to reach the rear of the plaintiff's adjoining property. The defendant now appeals the order of the Superior Court.¹

This case came before the Supreme Court for oral argument on November 3, 2004, pursuant to an order directing all parties to appear and show cause why the issues raised in this appeal should not summarily be decided. After considering the arguments of counsel and examining the memoranda filed by the parties, we are of the opinion that cause has not been shown, and we will proceed to decide the case at this time. For the reasons stated below, we deny defendant's appeal and affirm the order of the Superior Court.

The properties at issue here were once part of a larger parcel located on Main Street in East Greenwich.² In 1934, the owner of that estate divided the property into two parcels and conveyed what is now defendant's property to her predecessor-in-title, retaining an easement to provide access to the rear portion of what is now plaintiff's property.³ Nearly fifty years later, Vanikiotis purchased the servient estate. Her deed makes it clear that the property was subject to the right-of-way dating to 1934.⁴ Vanikiotis operates a hair salon on the premises, and rents two apartment units on the upper floors of the building. In June 2000, Frenchtown Five purchased 219 Main Street, the parcel adjacent to that of defendant. David Schaller, the sole and managing member of plaintiff company, intended to move his confectionary business to that location.⁵

Schaller began using the easement in January 2003 for the purpose of having deliveries made to his business, but frequently found his path blocked by vehicles parked in the rear portion of defendant's property.⁶ The plaintiff attempted to ameliorate the situation by leaving notes on the offending cars, but defendant responded with a letter ordering plaintiff to cease and desist using the roadway on defendant's property. The defendant also had a large cement block placed on her property restricting, if not eliminating, plaintiff's access to the roadway.⁷ The plaintiff then commenced litigation, requesting that the court restrain and enjoin defendant from interfering with plaintiff's use and enjoyment of the easement so that plaintiff could utilize a roadway, at least ten feet in width, across the rear portion of defendant's property. The defendant counterclaimed that plaintiff's rights to the easement had been abandoned, and alternately that plaintiff's rights to the roadway had been extinguished as a result of adverse possession by defendant. The defendant sought injunctive relief to permanently enjoin plaintiff from passing over her property.

The trial justice granted plaintiff's prayer for a preliminary injunction after finding "that plaintiff has succeeded in proving the reasonable likelihood of success on the merits." He found irreparable harm as a result of defendant's actions, and held that damages would neither compensate plaintiff for his loss of use of the roadway nor restore him to the position he was in prior to defendant's intentional and wrongful interference. The trial justice also found that plaintiff did not have an adequate remedy at law, and he determined that restricting plaintiff's access to the roadway for the purposes of making deliveries to and parking at the rear of his building effectively negates the easement. The trial justice further found defendant's interference with plaintiff's easement to be deliberate, and that only injunctive relief would restore the status quo to that which existed before the wrongful erection of the cement barrier. Before us, defendant argues that the trial justice improperly granted plaintiff's request for preliminary injunction and did not consider the issues of abandonment and adverse possession when making his decision.

"We review a trial justice's grant of a preliminary injunction to determine whether the trial justice abused his discretion." Allaire v. Fease, 824 A.2d 454, 457 (R.I.2003). "To do so, we, like the trial justice, consider '(1) whether the moving party established a reasonable likelihood of success on the merits; (2) whether the moving party will suffer irreparable harm without the requested injunctive relief; (3) whether the balance of the equities, including the public interest, weighed in favor of the moving party; and (4) whether the issuance of a preliminary injunction served to preserve the status quo ante.'" Id. (quoting School Committee of North Kingstown v. Crouch, 808 A.2d 1074, 1077 (R.I.2002)).

After reviewing the record, we are of the opinion that the trial justice did not abuse his discretion in granting the preliminary injunction. To begin, our law clearly states that the precise location of an easement need not be designated for the easement to be valid. See McConnell v. Golden, 104 R.I. 657, 663, 247 A.2d 909, 912 (1968). Instead, the holders of the dominant estate are entitled to a convenient, suitable, and accessible easement of way. Id. Therefore, despite the lack of specificity in the original writing that created the easement, plaintiffs are entitled to the use of "a rear roadway, at least ten feet in width," to be "kept open so that vehicles can reach the rear of the building [once] known as First National Store * * *."

Since this language was referenced in defendant's deed, and because it has not been modified by subsequent instrument, it remains in effect.⁸See Crawford Realty Co. v. Ostrow, 89 R.I. 12, 19, 150 A.2d 5, 9 (1959) (holding that the owner of the dominant tenement may extinguish an easement appurtenant by specifically excluding it from a conveyance of the dominant estate). There is no question that defendant caused a large cement block to be placed in the middle of the roadway described in the original easement, and as a result, plaintiff has been denied use of its right-of-way. Taking the above into consideration, plaintiff probably will succeed on the merits at trial.

Next, there is more than adequate support in the record for the trial justice's finding that plaintiff will suffer irreparable harm without injunctive relief. Despite Schaller's testimony that deliveries can be made to the front of the building, rather than at the back, and that on-street parking is available to Schaller and his customers, obstruction of the right-of-way eliminates rear delivery and renders the parking spaces installed behind the building useless. Therefore, monetary damages will not suffice to put plaintiff in the same position as it would have been without defendant's actions.

The defendant's deed clearly states that it is subject to lot No. 212's right-of-way. Therefore, despite Vanikiotis's claim not to have read the deed, knowledge of the right-of-way is imputed to her, and she should have been well aware of it irrespective of how frequently the easement holders made use of it. If this Court were to refuse to enforce the preliminary injunction, plaintiff would be denied the use of the...