Fuller v. Baldino

• Decision Date: 19 September 2017
• Docket Number: (AC 38660).
• Citation: 176 Conn.App. 451,168 A.3d 665
• Court: Connecticut Court of Appeals
• Parties: Mark FULLER v. Ann BALDINO

176 Conn.App. 451

168 A.3d 665

Mark FULLER

v.Ann BALDINO

(AC 38660).

Appellate Court of Connecticut.

Argued May 24, 2017

Officially released September 19, 2017

Marissa Bigelli Hernandez, for the appellant (plaintiff).

Bonnie Amendola, for the appellee (defendant).

DiPentima, C.J., and Alvord and Lavery, Js.

LAVERY, J.

The plaintiff, Mark Fuller, appeals from the judgment of the trial court dismissing his third party petition for visitation rights pursuant to General Statutes § 46b–59¹ and Practice Book § 25–4 as to the minor child of the defendant, Ann Baldino. The plaintiff claims that the court improperly dismissed his petition without an evidentiary hearing on the ground that he failed to allege facts establishing the requirements for jurisdiction set forth in Roth v. Weston, 259 Conn. 202, 789 A.2d 431 (2002).² We affirm the judgment of the trial court.

The record reveals the following relevant facts and procedural history. On July 31, 2015, the plaintiff filed a third party petition for visitation seeking visitation rights with regard to the defendant's child. The petition alleged the following facts. Since 2006, the plaintiff and the child "have had a parent-like relationship." The plaintiff ended his romantic relationship with the defendant around December, 2013, but "continued to parent the minor child until December, 2014." The plaintiff "has been the only father the minor child has known since the child was approximately two years old. Until December, 2014 ... the [plaintiff] acted as a hands-on parent and held himself out as [the] father. The minor child recognizes the [plaintiff] as ‘dad.’ " Throughout the plaintiff's relationship with the child, the plaintiff provided financial support for the child; has "cared for the daily needs of the child"; and "has been involved with the major decisions concerning the child's health, education, and welfare." Finally, the petition alleged that the "[d]enial of visitation will cause real and significant harm to the child due to the relationship and bond formed between the [plaintiff] and minor child over the past nine years."

The defendant moved to dismiss the petition for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, arguing that the petition did not allege sufficient facts to establish the prerequisites for jurisdiction set forth in Roth v. Weston , supra, 259 Conn. at 202, 789 A.2d 431, namely, that the plaintiff had a parent-like relationship with the child and that the denial of visitation would inflict real and substantial harm on the child. The defendant submitted an affidavit in support of her motion to dismiss in which she, inter alia, admitted that she granted the plaintiff visitation for a period of time after their 2013 separation but denied that the plaintiff had provided financialor other support to the child during their relationship.

Subsequently, the plaintiff filed an objection, arguing that his petition had set forth the necessary factual predicate for subject matter jurisdiction. In support of his objection, the plaintiff filed a memorandum of law and an affidavit in which he expanded upon some of the factual allegations made in his petition. As relevant in this appeal, the petitioner averred in his affidavit (1) that he first met the child in 2005 and lived with the child and the defendant from 2006 until their separation in 2013; (2) that during that time period, and extending until December, 2014, he was the child's "primary parent" in that he took the child to his medical appointments and was "involved in all major decision making," including decisions regarding the child's health; (3) that he would care for the child's "severe health conditions" and presently does not know whether the child continues to receive proper care; (4) that, around the end of their relationship, the defendant "would take off for a day or two at a time without divulging where she was," leaving the child in his care; (5) that he has built a "very strong bond" with the child and that the child "suffers" and "is very emotional" when unable to see him; and (6) that the child has indicated that he misses the plaintiff and still considers the plaintiff to be his father.

The court heard argument on November 4, 2015, and ultimately granted the defendant's motion to dismiss on the record. The court concluded that, although the petition alleged sufficient facts to establish that the plaintiff had a parent-like relationship with the child, neither the petition nor the plaintiff's affidavit sufficiently alleged that the denial of visitation would cause the child to experience real and substantial harm. This appeal followed.

The plaintiff claims that the court improperly concluded that his petition and affidavit failed to allege facts establishing the jurisdictional requirements of Roth . Specifically, the plaintiff argues that the court, in determining that he failed to sufficiently allege that denial of visitation would cause real and substantial harm to the child, failed to consider that the emotional harm suffered by the child as a result of his separation from the plaintiff is sufficient under Roth .³ According to the plaintiff, he pleaded the substantial harm requirement by virtue of his allegations of his close parental relationship with the child. The defendant concedes that the plaintiff sufficiently alleged a parent-like relationship with the child but asserts that the court properly concluded that the allegations do not amount to the sort of real and substantial harm contemplated by Roth . We agree with the defendant.⁴

We begin by setting forth the relevant standard of review and the applicable legal principles. "The standard of review of a motion to dismiss is ... well established. In ruling upon whether a complaint survives a motion to dismiss, a court must take the facts to be those alleged in the complaint, including those facts necessarily implied from the allegations, construing them in a manner most favorable to the pleader. ... A motion to dismiss tests, inter alia, whether, on the face of the record, the court is without jurisdiction. ... Because a challenge to the jurisdiction of the court presents a question of law, our review of the court's legal conclusion is plenary. ... Subject matter jurisdiction involves the authority of the court to adjudicate the type of controversy presented by the action before it. ... [A] court lacks discretion to consider the merits of a case over which it is without jurisdiction ...." (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Fennelly v. Norton , 103 Conn.App. 125, 133–34, 931 A.2d 269, cert. denied, 284 Conn. 918, 931 A.2d 936 (2007).

In Roth , our Supreme Court recognized that the "constitutionally protected interest of parents to raise their children without interference undeniably warrants deference and, absent a powerful countervailing interest, protection of the greatest possible magnitude." Roth v. Weston, supra, 259 Conn. at 228, 789 A.2d 431. To safeguard parents' rights against unwarranted intrusions into their authority, the court in Roth set forth requirements "that must be satisfied in order for a court ... to have jurisdiction over a petition for visitation contrary to the wishes of a fit parent ...." Id., at 234, 789 A.2d 431. Specifically, "the petition must contain specific, good faith allegations that the petitioner has a relationship with the child that is similar in nature to a parent-child relationship. The petition must also contain specific, good faith allegations that the denial of the visitation will cause real and significant harm to the child. As we have stated, that degree of harm requires more than a determination that visitation would be in the child's best interest. It must be a degree of harm analogous to the kind of harm contemplated by [General Statutes] §§ 46b–120 and 46b–129, namely, that the child is ‘neglected, uncared-for or dependent.’ The degree of specificity of the allegations must be sufficient to justify requiring the fit parent to subject his or her parental judgment to unwanted litigation. Only if these specific, good faith allegations are made will a court have jurisdiction over the petition." Id., at 234–35, 789 A.2d 431.

In the present case, the plaintiff argues that he satisfied the real and significant harm requirement because he pleaded facts establishing that he and the child had "such a close father-child bond for an extended period of time ...." The court in Roth explained that, although "an allegation such as abuse, neglect or abandonment" clearly would satisfy the real and significant harm requirement; Roth v. Weston, supra, 259 Conn. at 224, 789 A.2d 431 ; the "more difficult issue is whether the child's own complementary interest in preserving relationships that serve his or her welfare and protection can also constitute a compelling interest that warrants intruding upon the fundamental rights of parents to rear their children." Id., at 225, 789 A.2d 431. The court stated: "We can envision circumstances in which a nonparent and a child have developed such substantial emotional ties that the denial of visitation could cause serious and immediate harm to that child. For instance, when a person has acted in a parental-type capacity for an extended period of time, becoming an integral part of the child's regular routine, that child could suffer serious harm should contact with that person be denied or so limited as to seriously disrupt that relationship. Thus, proof of a close and substantial relationship and proof of real and significant harm should visitation be denied are, in effect, two sides of the same coin. Without having established substantial, emotional ties to the child, a petitioning party could never prove that serious harm would result to the child should visitation be denied. This is as opposed to the situation in which visitation with a third party would be in the best interests of the child or would be very beneficial. The level of harm that would result ...