Gammill v. Johnson

• Citation: 1 S.W. 610,47 Ark. 335
• Parties: GAMMILL v. JOHNSON
• Decision Date: 09 October 1886
• Court: Supreme Court of Arkansas

1 S.W. 610

47 Ark. 335

GAMMILL v. JOHNSON

Supreme Court of Arkansas

October 9, 1886

APPEAL from Lincoln Circuit Court in Chancery, Hon. JOHN A WILLIAMS, Circuit Judge.

Affirmed.

J. M Cunningham, Jr., for Appellant.

Every allegation of fraud must show some injury. It must appear that the fraud and damage sustain to each other the relation of cause and effect, or that the one resulted directly from the other. Bigelow on Fraud, 451; 5 Vroom, 296.

It is a principle too well settled to admit of controversy, that a misrepresentation, to constitute a fraud, relievable in equity must be made in regard to some matter constituting a motive or inducement to the act of the other, by which he is misled to his injury; and it must be of something in which the party deceived places a known trust and confidence in the other, and not equally open to both parties for examination and inquiry. Story's Eq., 197, 205; Smith v Richards, 3 Pet., 36; Bispham's Eq., 207; Dugan v. Cureton, 1 Ark. 41; Hughes v. Sloan, 8 Ark. 146; Yeates v. Pryor, 11 Ark. 58; Hepburn v. Dunlop, 1 Wheat., 89; 2 Wheaton, 178; 2 Kent Com., 4 ed., pp. 484-5.

To rescind a contract it is necessary for the complainant to establish, first, the representation and its falsity; second, that he relied upon such representation and was deceived thereby; and third, that it was material to the subject matter of the contract. Masterson v. Beers, 1 Sweeney, 406; Bispham's Eq., 206; 9 Ind. 488; 38 Ala. 637.

That a misrepresentation or a misunderstanding of the law will not vitiate a contract, when there is no misunderstanding of the facts is well settled. Upton v. Tribblecock, 91 U.S. 45; Platt v. Scott, 6 Blackf., 389; Russell v. Branham, 8 Blackf., 277; 33 Ill. 238; 5 Hill, 303; Bisp. Eq., 212; Kerr on Fraud, 90; Law Rep., 7 Exch. Div., 75; Bigelow on Fraud, 70; 27 Cal. 655; 2 Pars, on Cont., 6 ed., pp. 793, 939, note b.

The burden was on appellee to establish the truth of her allegations, and show fraud and deceit. Bigelow on Fraud, 493-4; 100 Mass. 448; 15 Gray, 171; 99 Mass. 79.

D. H. Rousseau for Appellee.

The evidence in this case shows a clear case of fraud, misrepresentation and injury. 1 Story Eq. Jur., par. 120, 121, 122, 207, 211.

While courts do not afford relief where one makes a mistake of law, where agreements are fairly entered into, and there is no fraud or misrepresentation, but where there has been undue confidence, or where one party obtains an unconscionable advantage over the other, or where one party makes use of false representations, or where his conduct is such that the other party is not on terms of equality, it is a mixed question of law and fact, and courts of equity will relieve. Story Eq., par. 120; 2 Swanst., 352; 2 Jac. & Walker, 192, 205; Mosely, 364; 3 Swanst., 400.

The doctrine that parties who deal with each other at arms length, when both have equal opportunities to examine and, use their judgment is not applicable here, for the representations were of matters peculiarly within the appellant's ancestor's knowledge. When a single word is dropped which tends to mislead, the rule is different. 22 Pick. 52; 2 Wheat., 178; 2 Bibb, 12; Ib., 47; 1 Story Eq., par. 192; 1 Brown Chy., 546; 6 Vesey, 173; 1 Strobh., 220.

OPINION

COCKRILL, C. J.

In 1862, Thomas Johnson died intestate, being at the time seized in fee of the tract of land which gives rise to this litigation, leaving him surviving, his widow, Rebecca Johnson, and the appellee, his only child, then an infant. Rebecca Johnson, his widow, and the mother of the appellee, in the year 1869, conveyed the land to one J. D. Brown in consideration of $ 150.

In 1881 Brown mortgaged the premises to R. G. Atkinson & Co., and the mortgage was, in the same year, assigned to the appellant's ancestor, (L. C. Gammill), and default having been made in the condition of the mortgage, he, in 1883, prepared to foreclose, and then for the first time ascertained that the appellee had title to the land. Upon ascertaining this fact, and fearing that Brown might seek to take advantage of it, Gammill proceeded to the state of Texas, where the appellee then resided, and obtained a quit claim deed from her to the land. To set aside and cancel this deed for fraud, the appellee brought her suit in the circuit court of Lincoln county in chancery, making Brown a co-defendant with Gammill. No relief was sought or had against Brown, and he did not appear to the suit. The decree finds that Gammill obtained the conveyance through fraud, and directs its cancellation. Gammill appealed, and his death having been suggested, his heirs are prosecuting the appeal.

It appears, from a preponderance of testimony, that when Gammill visited Miss Johnson at her home in Texas to procure the deed, he falsely represented himself as the owner of the land by conveyance from Brown, and appealed to her to confirm her mother's act in selling the land, assuring her it had always been considered, and that he was now advised by counsel, that she had no title to the land, but saying that as matters stood his title might be doubted by a would-be-purchaser when he should desire to sell. Brown's wife was Miss Johnson's cousin; the two families had been intimate and her mother had enjoyed the proceeds of the unauthorized sale.

From these considerations, she expressed a ready willingness to confirm the sale made by her mother and to perfect the Brown title without consideration, and...