Gasparino v. Murphy, 77-397

• Decision Date: 07 December 1977
• Docket Number: No. 77-397,77-397
• Citation: 352 So.2d 933
• Parties: W. A. GASPARINO and City of Tampa, Petitioners, v. Corine MURPHY, as Administratrix of the Estate of Larry Marcell Murphy, a minor Deceased, Respondent.
• Court: Florida District Court of Appeals

Page 933

352 So.2d 933

W. A. GASPARINO and City of Tampa, Petitioners, v. Corine MURPHY, as Administratrix of the Estate of Larry Marcell Murphy, a minor Deceased, Respondent.

No. 77-397.

District Court of Appeal of Florida, Second District.

Dec. 7, 1977.

Henry E. Williams, Jr., City Atty., Stann W. Given and Matias Blanco, Jr., Asst. City Attys., Tampa, for petitioners.

Delano S. Stewart, Tampa, for respondent.

OTT, Acting Chief Judge.

We grant the petition for a writ of certiorari.

Petitioner is a City of Tampa policeman. On August 7, 1975 petitioner was on duty during the early morning hours. At about 1:40 a.m. while in uniform and on routine patrol he received notification of a burglary. In covering the "buffer zone" the area of the neighborhood surrounding the location of the burglary petitioner encountered Larry Murphy. According to the petitioner, Murphy pulled an eleven-inch butcher knife and attempted to stab him in the neck. Petitioner fired four shots killing Murphy.

Respondent instituted a wrongful death action as administratrix of Murphy's estate. The amended complaint alleged negligence and excessive force. Paragraph 6 of the amended complaint stated:

That the (defendant's) conduct was negligent in that he lacked the requisite training in apprehending a suspect; that he used force in excess of the amount required in arresting the 16 year old suspect; further that each shot fired by the officer was intended to inflict death and not merely to deter the suspect . . . .

Respondent moved to require petitioner to submit to a compulsory psychiatric examination. The motion stated as follows:

. . . there is a controversy between plaintiff and defendants as to the mental state of the defendant . . . on August 7, 1976 (sic) and that a psychiatric examination of said defendant is necessary in order that the plaintiff . . . may be in a position to determine the state of mine (sic) or any psychiatric problems that the defendant may have had on August 7, 1976. (sic)

The court ordered the compulsory psychiatric examination to be held. It is from this order that the writ of certiorari is sought.

We hold that the order does not conform to the essential requirements of law and may cause material injury to petitioner for which remedy by appeal would be inadequate.

The requirements for the extraordinary writ of certiorari to issue in this situation are set forth in West Volusia Hospital Authority v. Williams, 308 So.2d 634 (Fla. 1st DCA 1975). In that case the trial court had entered an interlocutory order overruling petitioner's (hospital) objections to the production of certain incident reports sought under Fla.R.Civ.P. 1.350(a) (Production of Documents and Things, etc.). The court held:

. . . interlocutory orders rendered in connection with discovery proceedings may be reviewed by common law certiorari where the petitioner can demonstrate . . . that the order does not conform to the essential requirements of the law and may cause material injury through subsequent proceedings for which remedy by appeal will be inadequate. 308 So.2d at 636.

See Meiklejohn v. American Distributors, Inc., 210 So.2d 259, 263 (Fla. 1st DCA 1968).

It goes without saying that petitioner could suffer irreparable injury by virtue of a compulsory psychiatric examination. Discovery of this type is of the most personal and private nature. The potentially negative effects of requiring petitioner to bare his inner self against his wishes are self-evident.

In Fred Howland, Inc. v. Morris, 143 Fla. 189, 196 So. 472 (1940) the court held that "(a)t common law a compulsory examination . . . was unheard of and would have been denounced as a most iniquitous practice." 196 So. at 473.

In Union Pacific Railway Co. v. Botsford, 141 U.S. 250, 11 S.Ct. 1000, 35 L.Ed. 734 (1891) the court held:

No right is held more sacred, or is more carefully guarded by the common law, than the right of every individual to the possession and control of his own person, free from all restraint or interference of others, unless by clear and unquestionable authority of law. 141 U.S. at 251, 11 S.Ct. at 1001.

The "essential requirements of law" before a party can be subjected to a compulsory mental or physical exam by the court are now set forth in Fla.R.Civ.P. 1.360(a) which provides in relevant part:

(When) the mental or physical condition . . . of a party . . . is in controversy, the court in which the action is pending may order the party to submit to a physical or mental examination by a physician . . . . The order may be made only on motion for good cause shown . . . . (Emphasis supplied)

The two essential prerequisites that must be clearly manifested are: (1) that petitioner's mental condition is "in controversy" i.e. directly involved in some material element of the cause of action or a defense; and (2) t...