Gaston v. St. Louis Public Service Co.

• Decision Date: 08 October 1929
• Citation: 20 S.W.2d 559,223 Mo.App. 766
• Parties: ELLA L. GASTON, ADMINISTRATRIX OF THE ESTATE OF IDA E. FOREMAN, DECEASED, APPELLANT, v. ST. LOUIS PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY, A CORPORATION, RESPONDENT. [*]
• Court: Missouri Court of Appeals

20 S.W.2d 559

223 Mo.App. 766

ELLA L. GASTON, ADMINISTRATRIX OF THE ESTATE OF IDA E. FOREMAN, DECEASED, APPELLANT, v. ST. LOUIS PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY, A CORPORATION, RESPONDENT. ^[*]

Court of Appeals of Missouri, St. Louis

October 8, 1929

Appeal from the Circuit Court of St. Louis County.--Hon. Jerry Mulloy, Judge.

AFFIRMED.

Judgment affirmed.

Erwin F. Vetter and Joseph A. Falzone for appellant.

(1) Section 4217, Revised Statutes 1919, provides that the defendant shall forfeit and pay as a penalty the sum of not less than two thousand dollars and not exceeding ten thousand dollars, in the discretion of the jury. Section 4217, Revised Statutes 1919. (2) Statute to be liberally construed with a view toward advancing the remedy. Amount of verdict in discretion of the jury. Grier v. Railway Co., 286 Mo. 523; Burge v. Railroad, 244 Mo. 76; Ellis v Metropolitan Street Ry., 234 Mo. 657; Young v Railroad, 227 Mo. 307; Gilkeson v. Railroad, 222 Mo. 173; Boyd v. Railroad, 236 Mo. 54; Potter v. Railroad, 136 Mo.App. 125; Casey v Transit Co., 116 Mo.App. 235, approved 205 Mo. 721; King v. Mo. Pac. Ry. Co., 98 Mo. 235; Philpott v. Mo. Pac. Ry. Co., 85 Mo. 164; Section 7048, Revised Statutes 1919. (3) Recovery under section 4217, a penalty, pecuniary damages cannot be considered. Pedigo v. St. L. & S. F. Ry. Co., 299 S.W. 110; Lackey v. United Railways Co., 288 Mo. 120; Treadway v. United Railways Co., 300 Mo. 176; Grier v. Railway Co., 286 Mo. 523; Bloomchamp v. Mo. Pac. R. R. Co., 208 Mo.App. 464; Casey v. Transit Co., 116 Mo.App. 235; approved 205 Mo. 721. (4) The statute leaves the amount of the verdict to the discretion of the jury and not to the discretion of the court. The verdict of the jury cannot be disturbed, absent any untoward matter reasonably inciting judicial complaint. Ellis v. Metropolitan Street Ry. Co., 234 Mo. 657; Harper v. Railroad, 186 Mo.App. 296; Childress v. Railroad, 141 Mo.App. 667. (5) Power vests in the Legislature alone to prescribe the penalty within fixed limits, within the discretion of the jury, and an interference by the judicial department is in violation of Article 3 of the Constitution of Missouri. State v. Preslar, 300 S.W. 687; State v. Alexander, 285 S.W. 984; Lueders v. Railroad, 253 Mo. 97; Young v. Railroad, 227 Mo. 307; Clark v. Railroad, 219 Mo. 524. (6) Verdict not excessive. Treadway v. United Railways Co., 300 Mo. 176; Rowie v. C. B. & Q. R. R. Co., 274 S.W. 1031, 1039; Grier v. Railway Co., 286 Mo. 523; Ellis v. Metropolitan Street Ry. Co., 234 Mo. 657.

T. E. Francis and Vance J. Higgs for respondent.

(1) The contention of appellant that, under the provisions of section 4217 of Revised Statutes 1919, the amount of the verdict is left solely to the discretion of the jury, cannot be sustained, for the reason that such a holding would have the effect of depriving respondent of the right of trial by jury, which is guaranteed to him by section 28 of article 2 of the Constitution of Missouri, which provides, "The right of trial by jury, as heretofore enjoyed, shall remain inviolate." The right of trial by jury, in the primary and usual sense of the term, both at common law and under our statute, is not merely a trial by a jury of twelve men, before a court vested with authority to cause the jury to be summoned, sworn and empaneled, and to receive and enter their verdict, but it means far more than this. There must be a judge, empowered to instruct them in the law, who can in all cases (except on acquittal of a criminal charge) set aside the verdict of the jury if, in the court's opinion, it is against the law or against the weight of the evidence. Capitol Traction Co. v. Hof, 174 U.S. 1, 13, 14; McKeon v. Central Stamping Co., 264 F. 385; Hughey v. Sullivan, 80 F. 72; Chitty v. Railway Co., 148 Mo. 64, 49 S.W. 871, 872; State ex rel. Atchison, T. & S. F. Ry. Co. v. Ellison et al., Judges, 268 Mo. 225, 186 S.W. 1075. (2) In passing section 4217, R. S. 1919, the Legislature did not intend to deprive the trial court of any inherent or constitutional power that it had, but sought merely to create a right of recovery not existing under the common law. The phrase "in the discretion of the jury" takes nothing from a court, nor does it add one iota of power to a jury, because without this phrase in the act the penalty to be inflicted would still be "in the discretion of the jury." McCarty v. St. Louis Transit Co., 192 Mo. 396, 91 S.W. 132; State ex rel. Railway Co. v. Ellison et al., Judges, 268 Mo. 225, 186 S.W. 1075; Montgomery Light, Water & Power Co. v. Tombs, 204 Ala. 678, 87 So. 205; Cox v. Birmingham Railway, Light & Power Co., 163 Ala. 170, 50 So. 975. (3) The trial court did not err in sustaining respondent's motion for new trial. The record disclosed ample evidence to support the trial court's ruling. State ex rel. Railway Co. v. Ellison et al., Judges, 268 Mo. 225, 186 S.W. 1075; Grier v. Railways Co., 286 Mo. 523, 228 S.W. 454; Treadway v. Railways Co., 253 S.W. 1037, 300 Mo. 156; McCarty v. St. Louis Transit Co., 192 Mo. 396, 91 S.W. 132. (4) Plaintiff's instruction No. 5 was erroneous in that it permitted the jury to consider "aggravating circumstances" when no such circumstances were shown by the evidence. Gibler v. Terminal R. R. Ass'n, 203 Mo. 208, 101 S.W. 37; Davidson v. St. Louis Transit Co., 211 Mo. 320, 109 S.W. 583; McNeill v. City of Cape Girardeau, 134 S.W. 582, 153 Mo.App. 424, and opinion adopted by St. Louis Ct. of App. in 140 S.W. 1196; Field v. Metropolitan Street Railway, 137 S.W. 1000, 156 Mo.App. 646. (5) It is well settled as the law of Missouri that although the reasons of the trial court for granting a new trial are insufficient or erroneous, the order will be sustained if any valid ground appears in the record and was properly preserved. Gaty v. United Railways Co., 286 Mo. 503, 227 S.W. 1041; Thurman v. Wells, 251 S.W. 75; Gass v. United Railways Co., 232 S.W. 160; Heeter v. Boorum, etc., 237 S.W. 902.

BECKER, J. Haid, P. J., and Nipper, J., concur.

OPINION

BECKER, J.

This is a suit instituted by Ella L. Gaston, administratrix of the estate of Ida E. Foreman, deceased, to recover the penalty provided by section 4217, Revised Statute of Missouri 1919, for causing the death of said Ida E. Foreman, plaintiff's younger sister, alleged to have been caused by the negligence of the defendant.

The trial resulted in a verdict in favor of plaintiff for $ 7000. The defendant filed its motion for a new trial and the court thereupon ordered plaintiff to confess a remittitur in the sum of $ 2000, and plaintiff refusing to confess such remittitur the court sustained defendant's motion for a new trial on the sole ground that the verdict was excessive. Plaintiff in due course appeals.

Plaintiff's petition alleges, and the proof adduced at the trial in support thereof, tended to prove that on the 17th day of December, 1927, Ida E. Foreman was a passenger on a Delmar-Olive street car owned and operated by defendant, and that due to the negligence of the defendant she was violently thrown against the seats and onto the floor of the street car and seriously injured, and that she died as the direct result of such injuries. The deceased was single and unmarried, aged from sixty-two to sixty-eight years, and is not survived by either father or mother. Plaintiff, who is a widow and has no children, is an only (aged) surviving sister of the deceased and apparently was entirely dependent upon the deceased for a livelihood.

On this appeal it is urged on behalf of plaintiff below that the trial court erred in ordering plaintiff to make a remittitur and upon the default thereof granting defendant a new trial, in that under section 4217, Revised Statute of Missouri 1919, the Legislature has left the amount of the verdict to the sole discretion of the jury between the limitations prescribed therein, and by the very language of the statute itself the Legislature forewarned the court not to interfere with the discretion of the jury or to attempt to limit their findings.

It is no longer open to controversy that the entire recovery provided for under this statute, whether it be the minimum of $ 2000 or the maximum of $ 10,000, or an intermediate sum in the discretion of the jury, is primarily intended as punishment for causing death by negligence, unskillfullness or criminal intent, whatever incidental or secondary purpose it might at the same time subserve, and it has repeatedly been held that the Legislature intended that the entire forfeiture provided by the statute as amended is to be enforced in all cases as a punishment, and that the amount thereof is not to be limited or controlled by the rules of law that govern the laws of compensatory damages. In the case of Grier v. Kas. City, C. C. & St. J. Ry. Co., 286 Mo. 523, 228 S.W. 454, it has been directly held that the jury may take into consideration the circumstances attending the negligent or wrongful act causing death, and also the extent of the pecuniary loss, if any, in fixing the amount of the recovery although the entire recovery is essentially and primarily penal. And on the question of the phrase "in the discretion of the jury," it was there held that "the exercise of discretion implies a knowledge of the facts upon which the discretion may properly operate."

And the more recent case of Ward v. Mo. Pac. Ry. Co., 311 Mo. 92, 277 S.W. 908 (an opinion In Banc) reaffirms the view expressed in the Grier case in elucidating the range of facts to be considered by the jury in awarding damages under the penalty s...