General Stores Corporation v. Shlensky

• Decision Date: 14 April 1955
• Docket Number: Docket 23557.,No. 261,261
• Parties: GENERAL STORES CORPORATION, Debtor-Appellant, v. Max SHLENSKY and Securities and Exchange Commission, Appellees.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Second Circuit

222 F.2d 234 (1955)

GENERAL STORES CORPORATION, Debtor-Appellant, v. Max SHLENSKY and Securities and Exchange Commission, Appellees.

No. 261, Docket 23557.

United States Court of Appeals Second Circuit.

Argued March 18, 1955.

Decided April 14, 1955.

Melvin Liebowitz, New York City (Aaron Rosen, Frederic P. Houston, and Otterbourg, Steindler, Houston & Rosen, New York City, on the brief), for debtor appellant.

A. Alan Reich, New York City (Reich, Peller, Guadagno & Caine and Howard Shugerman, New York City, on the brief), for appellee Max Shlensky.

William H. Timbers, Gen. Counsel, Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, D. C. (David Ferber, Sp. Counsel, Washington, D. C., and Richard V. Bandler and Ezra Weiss, Attys., Securities and Exchange Commission, New York City, on the brief), for appellee Securities and Exchange Commission.

Max Goldweber, Jamaica, N. Y. (L. J. Weinshenker and Weinshenker & Kenner, New York City, on the brief), for wage claimants.

Leon Singer, New York City (Samuel Blumberg and Blumberg, Singer, Heppen & Blumenthal, New York City, on the brief), for creditors of General Stores Corporation.

Before CLARK, Chief Judge, FRANK, Circuit Judge, and GALSTON, District Judge.

CLARK, Chief Judge.

The debtor, General Stores Corporation, filed a petition under Chapter XI of the Bankruptcy Act, 11 U.S.C. § 722, for an arrangement of the debts owed to its unsecured creditors. According to its plan these creditors were to receive the full face amount of their claims over a five-year period. Max Shlensky, a stockholder, challenged the adequacy of the Chapter XI procedure through a show cause order seeking a transfer to Chapter X pursuant to the newly enacted 11 U.S.C. § 728. The Securities and Exchange Commission, being granted leave to intervene, filed a motion to similar effect. Judge Dimock granted this motion and ordered the present petition dismissed unless the debtor within forty days filed an amended petition complying with the requirements of Chapter X, D.C., 129 F.Supp. 801. We stayed this order pending our determination of the debtor corporation's appeal. On this appeal the order below is supported by the stockholder and the SEC, while reversal is sought by the debtor and representatives of the general and wage creditors.

The present corporate structure of the debtor corporation is not overly complicated. General Stores Corporation is, however, the corporation formerly known as D. A. Schulte, Inc., whose somewhat checkered financial history is referred to below. At the present time there are two main corporate assets, the cash received from liquidation of the Schulte tobacco stores which were formally the chief source of income, and stock of two wholly-owned subsidiaries, Stineway Drug Company and Ford Hopkins Company. These assets total about $5,000,000. On the other side of the ledger there are about $4,000,000 of liabilities and a capital account of more than $2,000,000. Half of the liabilities are the unsecured debts here sought to be settled by arrangement. The other liabilities represent the unpaid purchase price of the subsidiary corporations in which the debtor has just recently invested, and these liabilities are secured by the stock of the subsidiaries. The capital account consists of 2,322,422 outstanding shares of $1 par common stock, held by 7,000 stockholders and traded on the American Stock Exchange.

As D. A. Schulte, Inc., General Stores went through a § 77B reorganization from 1938 to 1940, in which much of the old common stock turned out to be worthless. Now the new common is again partially under water, and the stockholders are justifiably concerned, for their interests are in no way protected in a Chapter XI proceeding. They fear that the change from Schulte type stores to regular drugstores may only postpone the liquidation or reorganization which may be inevitable; and they wish some assurance of a fair plan now, before the remaining assets are dissipated.

We concur in Judge Dimock's well-reasoned opinion that this situation calls for the greater investigation and protection of Chapter X rather than for the informal arrangement of Chapter XI. His decision, we think, makes an appropriate evaluation and analysis of the criteria set out in Mecca Temple of Ancient Arabic Order of Nobles of Mystic Shrine v. Darrock, 2 Cir., 142 F.2d 869, certiorari denied 323 U.S. 784, 65 S.Ct. 271, 89 L. Ed. 626, which a majority of this panel think were rather slighted in the more recent decision of In re Transvision, Inc., 2 Cir., 217 F.2d 243, certiorari denied Securities & Exchange Comm. v. Transvision, Inc., 348 U.S. 952, 75 S.Ct. 440, though, as Judge Dimock points out and we discuss below, this case differs markedly from In re Transvision, Inc., supra. In our view a widespread stockholder interest in a corporation with such a shaky financial history as this one is in itself sufficient ground for the invocation of Chapter X proceedings. Even the unsecured creditors who are urging the reinstatement of the Chapter XI petition may come to regret their decision during the interval of postponed payment, without interest, of their claims. For the present proceedings are completely in the control of the debtor corporation on whose financial acumen and bookkeeping accuracy must rest the fairness and the feasibility of the proposed arrangement. Too great a public interest is here at stake to allow the present management of the debtor to secure court ratification of such a plan without having available to all parties the disinterested appraisal and judgment of the Securities and Exchange Commission. It is noteworthy that a corporation of this size is one for which SEC intervention is mandatory in a Chapter X proceeding. Bankruptcy Act § 172, 11 U.S.C. § 572.

Hence this is emphatically not the small corporation in which the calculated risk of the informal Chapter XI proceedings is warranted. It does not fall into the category of tightly knit structures where the subordinate creditors and stockholders are the management of the business and where the preservation of going concern value through their continued management of the business may compensate for reduction of creditor claims without alteration of management interests. Securities and Exchange Commission v. United States Realty & Improvement Co., 310 U.S. 434, 454, 60 S. Ct. 1044, 84 L.Ed. 1293. The criteria for choice between Chapter XI and Chapter X enunciated in that case were written into the Bankruptcy Act by the enactment of § 328, 11 U.S.C. § 728, in 1952. See 1952 U.S.Code Cong. & Adm. News 1979-1980. We are content to apply them here.

The contrast between General Stores Corporation, a multimillion dollar corporation with 7,000 stockholders whose stock is actively traded on a leading stock exchange of the country, and In re Transvision, Inc., supra, 2 Cir., 217 F.2d 243, 246, 247, is well pointed up by Judge Dimock, who says: "In the Transvision case the debtor had outstanding 385,000 shares of common stock and 1773½ shares of preferred. All were in the hands of management interests except 135,000 shares of common held by 425 investors. It was not listed on any exchange. The debtor's liabilities were about $700,000 and its assets about $1,000,000." So in that case Judge Sugarman, D.C., 119 F.Supp. 134, exercised his discretion in denying transfer to Chapter X — a factor emphasized in the United States Realty case, supra, 310 U.S. 434, 455-457, 60 S.Ct. 1044, 84 L.Ed. 1293 — and our brothers sustained him. The inference seems clear to us that upon their reasoning they would have sustained Judge Dimock's reasoned exercise of discretion here. We are bound to add, however, that their stress upon such criteria as the proposal of "relatively simple plans" or a "reasonable likelihood that the desired financial recovery will be effected without unduly prejudicing the rights of any interested parties" and their suggestion that a later...