Georgos v. Jackson

• Decision Date: 04 February 2002
• Docket Number: No. 45A03-0106-CV-216.,45A03-0106-CV-216.
• Parties: Michael GEORGOS and Pangere Corporation, Appellants-Defendants, v. Claude JACKSON, Appellee-Plaintiff.
• Court: Indiana Appellate Court

762 N.E.2d 202

Michael GEORGOS and Pangere Corporation, Appellants-Defendants, v. Claude JACKSON, Appellee-Plaintiff.

No. 45A03-0106-CV-216.

Court of Appeals of Indiana.

February 4, 2002.

Daniel G. Suber, Daniel G. Suber & Associates, Valparaiso, IN, Attorney for Appellants. Jerry T. Jarrett, Robert L. Lewis & Associates, Gary, IN, Attorney for Appellee.

OPINION

RILEY, Judge.

STATEMENT OF THE CASE

Appellants/Cross-Defendants, Michael Georgos (Georgos) and Pangere Corporation (hereinafter collectively referred to as "the Appellants"), appeal the trial court's grant of Appellee/Cross-Claimant's, Claude Jackson (Jackson), Motion for Relief from Judgment.

We reverse and remand for proceedings consistent with this opinion.

ISSUES

The Appellants raise four issues on appeal, one of which we find dispositive and restate as follows: whether the trial court lacked jurisdiction to grant Jackson's Motion for Relief from Judgment.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

The facts relevant to our disposition are as follows. On April 18, 1996, Jackson was involved in an automobile accident with Georgos, who was driving a truck owned by Pangere Corporation. Originally, suit was brought against Jackson, Georgos, and Pangere Corporation by Luther Stewart (Stewart), a passenger in Jackson's vehicle.

On January 16, 1998, Jackson filed a cross-claim against the Appellants for injuries he sustained in the April 18, 1996 accident. On November 2, 1998, a court-ordered mediation was held. Jackson's attorney and the Appellants' attorney were present. Additionally, a representative from Georgos and Pangere Corporation's insurance company was present. Jackson did not personally appear at the mediation. A settlement agreement was reached whereby the Appellants agreed to pay Jackson $94,500.00 in exchange for a full release. Sometime thereafter, Jackson rejected the agreement reached in mediation.

On March 16, 1999, the Appellants filed a Motion to Enforce Mediation Settlement Agreement. On March 25, 1999, Jackson filed his Response to Cross Defendants' Motion to Enforce Settlement Agreement. In his response, Jackson argued that:

The agreement entered into between the parties was and is void and/or voidable on the grounds that it lacks consideration, mutual assent, a meeting of the minds, and is formed on the mistakes of the parties, fraudulent misrepresentations and omissions of the cross-defendants or their agents, employees, servants, assigns or representatives.

(Appellants' Appendix at 75). Jackson's response also maintained that the settlement agreement was unconscionable.

On July 8, 1999, a hearing was held on the Appellants' Motion to Enforce. On August 2, 1999, the trial court granted the Appellants' motion and held, in pertinent part, as follows:

A mediation settlement agreement was entered into in this case. The record does not present sufficient evidence from which this Court could reasonably find that the agreement was procured through fraud or was the result of a mutual mistake. In addition, Jackson was represented by counsel and was under no compulsion to settle the case. None of the elements of an unconscionable contract or agreement are present in this case.

(Appellants' Appendix at 11). Additionally, the trial court ordered Jackson "to take all measures necessary to consummate the settlement reflected in the Mediation Settlement Agreement entered into by and between the parties on November 2nd, 1998, and shall do so within thirty (30) days of the date of this order." (Appellants' Appendix at 12).

On December 31, 1999, Jackson filed a Motion for Relief from Judgment. In his motion, Jackson argued that the trial court erred in granting the Appellants' Motion to Enforce. Specifically, Jackson argued that the trial court failed to consider A.D.R. Rule 2.7(B)(2), which provides: "All parties, attorneys with settlement authority, representatives with settlement authority, and other necessary individuals shall be present at each mediation conference to facilitate settlement of a dispute unless excused by the court." With this, Jackson maintained that because "all parties" were not present at the mediation, the mediation was invalid.

On January 20, 2000, the Appellants filed their Opposition to Cross Claimant's Motion for Relief from Judgment. On February 16, 2000, a hearing was held on Jackson's Motion for Relief from Judgment. On February 22, 2000, the trial court granted Jackson's motion and held, in pertinent part, as follows:

This Court believes that the mediation process is enhanced when the parties are present. Nevertheless, it is not appropriate for this Court to invalidate a meditation settlement reached by counsel in every case where a party is not present at the session. Rather, when challenged, it is the duty of the Court to determine if the settlement is in fact "a mutually acceptable agreement". ADR Rule 2.1. If it is, then it should be upheld. If it is not, then it should be invalidated.

In this case, the absence of Jackson from the mediation session exacerbates an underlying question as to what in fact did Jackson's attorney know about the applicable insurance policy limits here. If such limits had been openly discussed in Jackson's presence, then he could not later claim that he settled for an amount which was too low in relation to his expenses. This discussion did not occur here, and Jackson suffered as a result.

Accordingly, the mediation settlement in this case should be set aside.

(Appellants' Appendix at 16).

On March 23, 2000, the Appellants filed a Motion for Interlocutory Certification. The motion sought leave to pursue an interlocutory appeal from the February 22, 2000 Order. On April 26, 2000, the trial court denied the Appellants' motion.

At some point, Stewart entered into a settlement agreement with the Appellants. Thereafter, Jackson and Stewart stipulated to the dismissal of Stewart's claims against Jackson. On March 1, 2001, the trial court entered an order of dismissal of Stewart's claims against Jackson.

On April 2-6 & 9, 2001, a jury trial was held in order to address Jackson's claims against the Appellants. On April 9, 2001, the jury returned a verdict for Jackson in the amount of $660,000.00. The verdict was reduced by 30% for the comparative negligence of Jackson.

On May 8, 2001, the Appellants filed a Motion to Correct Errors. On May 29, 2001, the trial court denied the Appellants' motion.

The Appellants now appeal.

DISCUSSION AND DECISION

The Appellants argue that the trial court lacked jurisdiction to grant Jackson's Motion for Relief from Judgment. Specifically, the Appellants argue that once the trial court granted their Motion to Enforce, it lost jurisdiction of the case. We agree.

Final Judgment

"Once a trial court acquires jurisdiction, it retains jurisdiction until it makes a final disposition of the case." Chapin v. Hulse, 599 N.E.2d 217, 219 (Ind.Ct.App. 1992), trans. denied. After final judgment, the trial court retains "`only such continuing jurisdiction as is permitted by the judgment itself, or as is given the court by statute or rule.'" Id. (quoting State ex rel. Kelley v. Marion County Criminal Court, Div. Three, 269 Ind. 46, 47, 378 N.E.2d 833, 834 (1978)).

At the outset, we must address whether the trial court's grant of the Appellants' Motion to Enforce amounts to a final judgment. Ind.Appellate Rule 2 provides:

A judgment is a final judgment if:

(1) it disposes of all claims as to all parties;

(2) the trial court in writing expressly determines under Trial Rule 54(B) or Trial Rule 56(C) that there is no just reason for delay and in writing expressly directs the entry of judgment (i) under Trial Rule 54(B) as to fewer than all the claims or parties, or (ii) under Trial Rule 56(C) as to fewer than all the issues, claims or parties;

(3) it is deemed final under Trial Rule 60(C);

(4) it is a ruling on either a mandatory or permissive Motion to Correct Error which was timely filed under Trial Rule 59 or Criminal Rule 16; or

(5) it is otherwise deemed final by law.

Additionally, Ind.Trial Rule 54(B) provides:

When more than one [1] claim for relief is presented in an action, whether as a claim, counterclaim, cross-claim, or third-party claim, or when multiple parties are involved, the court may direct the entry of a final judgment as to one or more but fewer than all of the claims or parties only upon an express determination that there is no just reason for delay and upon an express direction for the entry of judgment. In the absence of such determination and direction, any order or other form of decision, however designated, which adjudicates fewer than all the claims or the rights and liabilities of fewer than all the parties shall not terminate the action as to any of the claims or parties, and the order or other form of decision is subject to revision at any time before the entry of judgment adjudicating all the claims and the rights and liabilities of all the parties. A judgment as to one or more but fewer than all of the claims or parties is final when the court in writing expressly determines that there is no just reason for delay, and in writing expressly directs entry of judgment, and an appeal may be taken upon this or other issues resolved by the judgment; but in other cases a judgment, decision or order as to less than all the claims and parties is not final.

We recognize that when the trial court granted the Appellants' Motion to Enforce, Stewart's claims against Jackson and the Appellants had not yet been settled or dismissed. We also recognize that the trial court did not, in writing, expressly determine that there was no just reason for delay and expressly direct entry of judgment, as required by T.R. 54(B). However, all parties and the trial court treated the trial court's grant of the Appellants' Motion to Enforce as a final judgment in relation to Jackson's claims against the Appellants. This is evidenced by Jackson's filing of...