Giacalone v. Hous. Auth. Of The Town Of Wallingford, No. 30777.

• Decision Date: 22 June 2010
• Docket Number: No. 30777.
• Citation: 122 Conn.App. 120,998 A.2d 222
• Parties: Patricia GIACALONEv.HOUSING AUTHORITY OF the TOWN OF WALLINGFORD.
• Court: Connecticut Court of Appeals

122 Conn.App. 120

998 A.2d 222

Patricia GIACALONEv.HOUSING AUTHORITY OF the TOWN OF WALLINGFORD.

No. 30777.

Appellate Court of Connecticut.

Argued Jan. 13, 2010.

Decided June 22, 2010.

Marc J. Ubaldi, New Haven, for the appellant (plaintiff).

Michael F. O'Connor, with whom, on the brief, was Scott R. Ouellette, North Haven, for the appellee (defendant).

FLYNN, C.J., and BISHOP and ROBINSON, Js.^*

FLYNN, C.J.

The plaintiff, Patricia Giacalone, appeals from the judgment of the trial court, rendered after it struck her negligence complaint in its entirety, in favor of the defendant, the housing authority of the town of Wallingford. On appeal, the plaintiff claims that the court incorrectly concluded that she did not have a viable cause of action in negligence against the defendant landlord because it was not the owner or keeper of the dog that bit her. In light of our Supreme Court's decision in Auster v. Norwalk United Methodist Church, 286 Conn. 152, 943 A.2d 391 (2008), we conclude, on limited grounds that parallel Auster, that a common-law negligence claim brought against a landlord in a dog bite case should not be stricken as insufficient merely because the landlord was not alleged to be the owner or keeper of the dog. Accordingly, we reverse the judgment of the trial court.

The plaintiff pleaded the following facts, which, for purposes of assessing the propriety of the court's granting of the motion of strike, we must accept as true. See Craig v. Driscoll, 64 Conn.App. 699, 702, 781 A.2d 440 (2001), aff'd, 262 Conn. 312, 813 A.2d 1003 (2003). The plaintiff was a tenant of the defendant, and she resided at 44 Louis Circle. Elizabeth Lopes and Edson Lopes also were tenants of the defendant, residing at 14 Temper Drive. The Lopeses had a lease with the defendant that prohibited them from having dogs unless the defendant specifically gave them permission. Without the defendant's permission, despite the prohibition in their lease, the Lopeses had a pit bull dog named Gemini. The defendant knew of Gemini's existence on the premises and that Gemini was a dangerous and aggressive dog. In or before 2005, the defendant had ordered, in writing, that the Lopeses remove Gemini from their rental unit, but the defendant never followed up on its written order. On July 18, 2007, the plaintiff was bitten by Gemini at or near 14 Temper Drive, and she sustained injuries to her left hand and left leg, including scarring. The plaintiff also suffered emotional injuries and financial harm, including medical expenses, impaired earning capacity and impairment of daily activities and enjoyment of life.

On April 9, 2008, the plaintiff filed a single count complaint alleging common-law negligence against the defendant landlord. On May 14, 2008, the defendant filed a motion to strike the complaint on the ground that it was “legally insufficient because it fail[ed] to plead the necessary elements for a cause of action of common law negligence for a dog bite.” Specifically, the defendant claimed that there was no cause of action for negligence against a landlord for a dog bite incident when the landlord did not own or keep the dog. Although the court recognized that in Auster v. Norwalk United Methodist Church, supra, 286 Conn. at 152, 943 A.2d 391, our Supreme Court implied that such a cause of action might be viable against a landlord who was not the owner or keeper of the dog, the trial court granted the defendant's motion to strike, concluding that Auster was limited to its facts. This appeal followed.

On appeal, the plaintiff claims that the court improperly granted the defendant's motion to strike. She argues that the landlord here may be held liable for negligence because the case is similar to a premises liability case, where the landlord has control of the property and knows of a dangerous condition thereon, but fails to correct it. The defendant argues that the court properly granted its motion to strike because the complaint did not allege that the landlord had “control or dominion over the subject dog, Gemini.” We conclude that the court improperly granted the motion to strike.

“The standard of review in an appeal from the granting of a motion to strike is well established. Because a motion to strike challenges the legal sufficiency of a pleading and, consequently, requires no factual findings by the trial court, our review ... is plenary.... We take the facts to be those alleged in the complaint that has been stricken and we construe the complaint in the manner most favorable to sustaining its legal sufficiency.... Thus, [i]f facts provable in the complaint would support a cause of action, the motion to strike must be denied.... [A] motion to strike is essentially a procedural motion that focuses solely on the pleadings.... It is, therefore, improper for the court to consider material outside of the pleading that is being challenged by the motion.” (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Dlugokecki v. Vieira, 98 Conn.App. 252, 256, 907 A.2d 1269, cert. denied, 280 Conn. 951, 912 A.2d 483 (2006).

In Auster v. Norwalk United Methodist Church, supra, 286 Conn. at 154-55, 943 A.2d 391, the plaintiff had filed a statutory negligence claim under the dog bite statute, General Statutes § 22-357,¹ as well as a common-law negligence action against the defendant church. The defendant's property consisted of a church building, a parish house and an education building. Id., at 154, 943 A.2d 391. Pedro Salinas was a church employee who lived in an apartment in the parish house. Id. Salinas owned a mixed breed pit bull dog that, several years earlier, had attacked another church employee. Id. Because of that attack, the church ordered Salinas to keep the dog chained in a stairwell and to not let it roam free. Id., at 154-55, 943 A.2d 391. When the plaintiff arrived at the parish house for a meeting, the front door was locked, so she went around the back and into the stairwell leading to Salinas' apartment where she encountered the dog. Id., at 155, 943 A.2d 391. The dog bit the plaintiff. Id.

After a trial, the jury found in favor of the plaintiff on her statutory negligence claim and, on that basis, in accordance with the instructions of the court, did not consider the common-law negligence claim. Id., at 155, 943 A.2d 391. On appeal, the Appellate Court reversed the judgment of the trial court on the ground that the church was not the owner or keeper of the dog and, therefore, it could not be liable under § 22-357. Auster v. Norwalk United Methodist Church, 94 Conn.App. 617, 623, 624, 894 A.2d 329 (2006), aff'd, 286 Conn. 152, 943 A.2d 391 (2008). The Appellate Court then remanded the case for a new trial on the second count, a common-law negligence claim, without any discussion as to the viability of such a claim. Id., at 624, 894 A.2d 329. After granting the plaintiff's petition for certification to appeal from the Appellate Court judgment, the Supreme Court affirmed that decision, and it specifically held: “Accordingly, we agree with the Appellate Court that the plaintiff failed to establish that the defendant was a keeper of the dog. This is not to say, of course, that the defendant may not have been negligent in failing to take reasonable precautions to protect against the attack that occurred in the present case, particularly in view of the fact that Salinas' dog previously had bitten a church employee. We conclude only that the evidence was insufficient to...