Gilliard v. State

• Decision Date: 22 February 1984
• Docket Number: No. 53959,53959
• Citation: 446 So.2d 590
• Parties: In re Robert C. GILLIARD, Jr. v. STATE.
• Court: Mississippi Supreme Court

Page 590

446 So.2d 590

In re Robert C. GILLIARD, Jr. v. STATE.

No. 53959.

Supreme Court of Mississippi.

Feb. 22, 1984.

J. Ronald Parrish, Laurel, Lionel R. Barrett, Jr., Nashville, Tenn., for appellant.

Bill Allain, Atty. Gen. by Charles W. Maris, Jr., Sp. Asst. Atty. Gen., Jackson, for appellee.

En Banc.

ROY NOBLE LEE, Presiding Justice, for the Court:

Petitioner, Robert C. Gilliard, Jr., was indicted in the Circuit Court of the Second Judicial District, Jones County, Mississippi, during the September 1981 Term, for the capital murder of Grady Chance during the commission of an armed robbery at the Best Chance Package Store in Laurel, Mississippi.

Gilliard entered a plea of guilty to the charge and the trial proceeded on the sentencing phase. After hearing the evidence, receiving the instructions from the court, and argument of counsel, the jury found Gilliard guilty and sentenced him to death.

The judgment of the lower court was appealed to the Mississippi Supreme Court and was affirmed. Gilliard v. State, 428 So.2d 576 (Miss.1983). Gilliard did not file a petition for rehearing.

A petition for a writ of certiorari to the Supreme Court of Mississippi was filed in the United States Supreme Court and denied on October 3, 1983. Application for Leave to File Petition for Writ of Error Coram Nobis was filed in this Court November 7, 1983, setting out twenty-nine (29) grounds for relief, and was responded to by the State on November 28, 1983. We address each of the grounds for relief hereinafter.

Section A.

I.

The Court Erred in Overruling Petitioner's Motion for Change

of Venue.

On direct appeal to the Mississippi Supreme Court, the petitioner assigned as error that the lower court erred in overruling his motion for change of venue. The lower court received evidence on the question, and it was thoroughly presnted there. On appeal to this Court, it was completely considered and addressed. Gilliard v. State, supra, at 578-79.

However, the petitioner now contends that the motion should have been granted and that denial of the motion was of constitutional magnitude and that petitioner was denied a fair trial in violation of the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution of the United States, citing Anderson v. State, 92 Miss. 656, 46 So. 65 (1908); Eddins v. State, 110 Miss. 780, 70 So. 898 (1916); and Bond v. State, 128 Miss. 792, 91 So. 461 (1922).

The question now before this Court is whether or not, under state procedure and law, petitioner may raise the question and attack the judgment on federal constitutional grounds. In Minor v. Lucas, 697 F.2d 697 (5th Cir.1983), Minor neglected to frame in state court the constitutional claims found in his federal habeas petition. The Fifth Circuit commented as follows:

It is far from certain, however, that Holloway [261 So.2d 799 (Miss.1972) ] and Auman [285 So.2d 146 (Miss.1973) ] stand for the proposition that the petitioner is barred from presently raising his federal constitutional claims in the Mississippi courts. The statement quoted above from Holloway was made at the close of the opinion after the court had specifically found that the petitioner's federal constitutional claim was meritless. In Auman, the petitioner did not frame any of the issues he raised in his writ as federal constitutional claims, but rather framed his contentions as they apparently had been litigated in his direct criminal appeal.

Furthermore, there seems to be ample Mississippi precedent that the writ of error coram nobis is available to attack collaterally a judgment of conviction on federal constitutional grounds. See, e.g. King v. Cook, 287 F.Supp. 269, 272 (N.D.Miss.1968) (purpose of Mississippi's writ of error coram nobis is to provide meaningful and effective procedure for protection of constitutional rights of those convicted of crime); Nelson v. Tullos, 323 So.2d 539, 543 (Miss.1975) (relief for a defendant who claims to have been convicted as a result of a deprivation of his constitutional rights is by a writ of error coram nobis).

We decline to resolve this question presented by the parties, but rather leave it to the state courts to determine whether petitioner's federal constitutional claims will be entertained by way of a writ of error coram nobis. .

In Callahan v. State, 426 So.2d 801 (Miss.1983), quoting from In re Broom's Petition, 251 Miss. 25, 168 So.2d 44 (1964), we said:

We first address the petition for writ of error coram nobis by recognizing a basic premise in this jurisdiction that such post-conviction petitions are limited in nature. Justice Ethridge, in case of In re Broom's Petition, 251 Miss. 25, 168 So.2d 44 (1964), set forth the circumstances in which a writ for error coram nobis would lie. His opinion states:

The general scope of a petition for writ of error coram nobis, or motion in the nature thereof, is to bring before a court a judgment previously rendered by it, for the purpose of review or modification. There must be some error of fact and not of law affecting substantially the validity and regularity of the proceedings, which was not brought into issue at the trial. Such motion or petition is an extraordinary and residual remedy to correct or vacate a judgment on facts or grounds not appearing on the face of the record, not available by appeal or otherwise, and not discovered until after rendition of the judgment of conviction, valid on its face, but defective by reason of facts outside the record, which deprived accused without fault on his part of the constitutional right to a fair trial. [Emphasis added]. [251 Miss. at 32-33, 168 So.2d at 48].

With this background in mind, our Court has since ruled that the writ of error coram nobis will not be allowed to relitigate questions of law or fact already decided by this Court. Auman v. State, 285 So.2d 146 (Miss.1973). Moreover, "a defendant in a criminal trial may not deliberately hold back matters known to him at the time of his trial until after the affirmance of his conviction and then, for the first time, use them to begin the whole process all over again." Holloway v. State, 261 So.2d 799, 800 (Miss.1972). .

We resolve the question referred to in Minor, supra, and hold that a defendant in a criminal trial, who has litigated matters of fact and law at the trial, and whose conviction has been affirmed, may not, through a writ of error coram nobis, present and litigate the question again, even though then framed and placed in a setting of federal constitutional questions.

II.--IV.

The Court Erred in Failing to Excuse Certain Jurors for

Cause at the Request of the Petitioner.

The Court Erred in Excusing Certain Jurors For Cause at the

Request of the State.

The Court Erred in Failing to Quash the Jury Panel Which

Actually Rendered the Death Sentence in this Case Because of

the State's Use of Its Peremptory Challenges to Excuse All

Persons of the Negro Race from the Panel Solely on the Basis

of Their Race.

The questions A-II, A-III, and A-IV were raised and denied on the direct appeal. They were adjudicated and constitute res adjudicata and are procedurally barred. Smith v. State, 434 So.2d 212 (Miss.1983); Edwards v. Thigpen, 433 So.2d 906 (Miss.1983); Callahan v. State, 426 So.2d 801 (Miss.1982); Auman v State, 285 So.2d 146 (Miss.1973); and In Re Broom's Petition, 251 Miss. 25, 168 So.2d 44 (Miss.1964).

V.

Removal of Jurors with Scruples Against Capital Punishment.

Petitioner's question A-V was not raised on direct appeal and it is procedurally barred. Smith v. State, supra; Edwards v. Thigpen, supra; Wheat v. Thigpen, 431 So.2d 486 (Miss.1983); Callahan v. State, supra; and Holloway v. State, 261 So.2d 799 (Miss.1979).

Section B.

The Petitioner Should be Granted a New Trial in View of the

Unconstitutional Aspects of His Plea of Guilty

In its response to this question, the State conceded the need for an evidentiary hearing for the purpose of resolving the voluntariness of the guilty plea, although it did not concede that petitioner has met the pleading requirements established by this Court in Tiller v. State, 440 So.2d 1001 (Miss.1983), and did not concede the merits of petitioner's contention that the plea was unconstitutional.

When we now consider this question, along with Section D, addressed hereinafter, we hold that petitioner be given an evidentiary hearing on the voluntariness of his guilty plea.

Section C.

Proposition I: Appellate Procedures

Proposition II: Alleged Arbitrariness of Death Penalty

Proposition III: Alleged Discriminatory Nature of Death Penalty

Proposition XIV: Trial Court's Report

Question C-I, C-II, C-III and C-XIV were not alleged as error and raised on direct appeal. The questions may not now be raised for the first time on this Application for Leave to File the Petition for Writ of Error Coram Nobis and are procedurally barred. Smith v. State, supra; Edwards v. Thigpen, supra; Wheat v. Thigpen, supra; Callahan v. State, supra; Holloway v. State, supra.

Proposition IV: The Heinous, Atrocious, and Cruel Aggravating Circumstance.

Proposition V: The Failure to Instruct the Jury as to the Deal Made with a State Witness

Proposition VI: Closing Argument

Proposition VII: The Refusal of Instruction D-2

Proposition VIII: The Refusal of Instruction D-4

Proposition IX: The Refusal of Instruction D-6

Proposition X: The Refusal of Instruction D-9

Proposition XI: "Doubling Up" of Aggravating Circumstances

Proposition XII: The Heinous, Atrocious, and Cruel Aggravating Circumstance

Proposition XIII: The Refusal to Impose a Life Sentence

Petitioner's questions C-IV, -V, -VI, -VII, -VIII, -IX, -X, -XI, -XII, and -XIII, were alleged as error and adjudicated on direct appeal. They are now res adjudicata, may not be relitigated on this petition and are procedurally barred. Smith v. State, supra; Edwards v. Thigpen, supra; Callahan v. State, supra; Auman v. State, 285 So.2d 146 (Miss.1973); In Re Broom's Petition, supra.

Further, the...