Giovanno v. Fabec

• Decision Date: 06 November 2015
• Docket Number: No. 15–11889,15–11889
• Parties: Irina GIOVANNO, Andrey Shumilov, Plaintiffs–Appellees, v. Louis FABEC, Lalo Scrolling Media, LLC, Defendants–Appellants.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Eleventh Circuit

804 F.3d 1361

Irina GIOVANNO, Andrey Shumilov, Plaintiffs–Appellees

v.Louis FABEC, Lalo Scrolling Media, LLC, Defendants–Appellants.

No. 15–11889

United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit.

Nov. 6, 2015.

Stan Kreimer, Jr., Johnson & Ward, Atlanta, GA, for Plaintiffs–Appellees.

Beverly Ruth Adams, Beverly R. Adams, LLC, Tucker, GA, for Defendants–Appellants.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia. D.C. Docket No. 1:10–cv–03287–ELR.

Before ED CARNES, Chief Judge, HULL and ROSENBAUM, Circuit Judges.

Opinion

PER CURIAM:

Louis Fabec and Lalo Scrolling Media, LLC (Lalo)¹ appeal the district court's grant of a default judgment against them in Irina Giovanno and Andrey Shumilov's lawsuit for breach of contract, conversion, unjust enrichment, and related claims. Fabec first contends that the district court lacked subject matter jurisdiction because the plaintiffs failed to satisfy the amount in controversy requirement. He next contends that if the court did have jurisdiction, it abused its discretion in granting a default judgment against him. Finally, he contends that the district court erred by failing to hold a hearing on damages and attorney's fees.²

I.

In April 2010 Fabec, a resident of the State of Georgia, promised to sell and ship a car to the plaintiffs, who are both residents of Spain. The plaintiffs agreed to wire the $34,000 purchase price to Fabec's bank account. While the plaintiffs fulfilled their end of the bargain, Fabec never sent the car. When the plaintiffs demanded their money back, Fabec refused.

In October 2010 the plaintiffs filed a lawsuit against Fabec seeking damages for breach of contract, conversion, unjust enrichment, and other claims. The case languished for nearly four years. In December 2014 the district court set a status hearing for January 2015 with the hope of proceeding to trial in March 2015. At the status hearing, defense counsel informed the court for the first time that she had been unable to locate or contact her client for over a year. With the trial date looming, the court decided to hold a pretrial conference to determine whether Fabec would appear. After consulting with counsel for both sides, the court set the pretrial conference for February 2015 and later ordered Fabec to appear there. Citing Local Rule 16.5, the order explicitly warned that Fabec's “[f]ailure to appear will be considered a failure to comply with the court's pretrial instructions, and it will result in an entry of a default judgment against [him].” The order also explained that “[d]efense counsel's presence will not satisfy this order.”

Fabec failed to appear at the pretrial conference. Defense counsel, who was present, informed the court that she had located Fabec, but that his work schedule did not permit him to attend the conference. She did not offer any proof of Fabec's inability to attend. In light of Fabec's absence and at the court's direction, the clerk of court entered a default against Fabec. The plaintiffs then moved for a default judgment seeking, among other things, damages, pre- and post-judgment interest, and attorney's fees. In response, Fabec argued that a default judgment was inappropriate and that he was entitled to a hearing on damages and attorney's fees. Without a hearing, the district court granted the plaintiffs' motion for a default judgment and awarded the plaintiffs total damages of $34,000,³ plus pre- and post-judgment interest, and an attorney's fee award of $43,500. This is Fabec's appeal.

II.

Fabec first contends that the district court lacked subject matter jurisdiction because the plaintiffs failed to satisfy 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a)'s amount in controversy requirement. We review de novo issues of subject matter jurisdiction. Yunker v. Allianceone Receivables Mgmt., Inc., 701 F.3d 369, 372 n. 2 (11th Cir.2012). To satisfy the requirements for federal diversity jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a), “a plaintiff must claim, among other things, that the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000.” Federated Mut. Ins. Co. v. McKinnon Motors, LLC, 329 F.3d 805, 807 (11th Cir.2003). “A plaintiff satisfies the amount in controversy requirement by claiming a sufficient sum in good faith.” Id.

Fabec argues that the complaint stated a claim for only $34,000, the amount Fabec allegedly converted. That argument has no merit. The plaintiffs' Second Amended Complaint expressly alleged that “the amount in controversy is in excess of $75,000.”⁴ The complaint then asserted various causes of action and claimed damages that, in the aggregate, were greater than $75,000. That was all the plaintiffs were required to do to satisfy the jurisdictional minimum. Fabec does not argue—and the record does not suggest—that the plaintiffs claimed those amounts in bad faith. The plaintiffs satisfied the amount in controversy requirement and the district court had subject matter jurisdiction.

III.

Fabec next contends that the district court erred when it granted a default judgment against him. “We review the district court's grant of a default judgment for abuse of discretion.” Sanderford v. Prudential Ins. Co. of Am., 902 F.2d 897, 898 (11th Cir.1990). “A district court abuses its discretion if it applies an incorrect legal standard, applies the law in an unreasonable or incorrect manner, follows improper procedures in making a determination, or makes findings of fact that are clearly erroneous.” Surtain v. Hamlin Terrace Found., 789 F.3d 1239, 1244 (11th Cir.2015) (quotation marks omitted).

In granting a default judgment against Fabec, the district court relied on its Local Rule 16.5. Like its counterpart in the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Local Rule 16.5 permits the court to impose sanctions, including the entry of a default judgment, when a party fails “to comply with the court's pretrial instructions.” Local Rule 16.5; see also Fed.R.Civ.P. 16(f). The district court enjoys “discretion to decide if there is a pattern of delay or a deliberate refusal to comply with court orders or directions that justifies a sanction.” United States v. Samaniego, 345 F.3d 1280, 1284 (11th Cir.2003).

The district court had ample reason to enter a default judgment against Fabec. By his own counsel's representation, Fabec did not contact his attorney or otherwise participate in this case for over a year. The court ordered Fabec to appear at the pretrial conference and expressly warned that his failure to appear would result in an entry of a default judgment against him. Despite that warning, Fabec failed to appear, failed to give advance notice that he would not appear, and failed to offer any evidence to explain his absence. Under those circumstances, the district court acted well within its discretion in concluding that Fabec's noncompliance with the court's pretrial instructions justified the entry of a default judgment.⁵

IV.

Fabec finally contends that the district court erred when it failed to conduct a hearing on damages and attorney's fees. We review the decision whether to hold a hearing for abuse of discretion. See Anheuser Busch, Inc. v. Philpot, 317 F.3d 1264, 1266 (11th Cir.2003) (hearing on damages); Love v. Deal, 5 F.3d 1406, 1409 (11th Cir.1993) (hearing on attorney's fees).

Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 55(b)(2) provides that when a district court enters a default judgment, “[t]he court may conduct hearings ... when, to enter or effectuate judgment, it needs to ... determine the amount of damages.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 55(b)(2)(B) (emphasis added). Given its permissive language, Rule 55(b)(2) does not require a damages hearing in every case. See SEC v. Smyth, 420 F.3d 1225, 1232 n. 13 (11th Cir.2005). The district court may forego a hearing “where all essential evidence is already of record.” Id. When a defendant defaults, he “admits the plaintiff's well-pleaded allegations of fact.” Lary v. Trinity Physician Fin. & Ins. Servs., 780 F.3d 1101, 1106 (11th Cir.2015) (quotation marks omitted).

After reviewing the parties' briefs and considering the evidence in the record, the district court expressly found that a hearing was not necessary to assess damages. The court awarded the plaintiffs $34,000 in damages plus pre- and post-judgment interest. It is not difficult to see how the court was able to assess those amounts without a hearing. The plaintiffs, in their complaint, alleged that Fabec wrongfully retained the $34,000 that they had wired to him. By his default, Fabec admitted that allegation. Given those simple facts, the court required no additional evidence to determine the amount of damages.⁶

The district court also awarded attorney's fees. It relied on Ga.Code § 13–6–11, which permits an award of litigation expenses to a successful plaintiff “where the defendant has acted in bad faith, has been stubbornly litigious, or has caused the plaintiff unnecessary trouble and expense.” A fee award under that statute “must be supported by evidence that the expenses were reasonable.” Eways v. Ga. R.R. Bank, 806 F.2d 991, 992 (11th Cir.1986) (citing First Bank of Clayton Cty. v. Dollar, 159 Ga.App. 815, 285 S.E.2d 203, 205 (1981) ).

Georgia law requires a hearing if a court intends to award attorney's fees to a prevailing party.⁷ See Evers v. Evers, 277 Ga. 132, 587 S.E.2d 22, 23 (2003) (“A hearing is required in order to enter an award of attorney['s] fees.”); see also Rice v. Grubbs, 281 Ga. 614, 641 S.E.2d 514, 515 (2007). The “party opposing a claim for attorney['s] fees has a basic right to confront and challenge testimony as to the value and need for legal services.” Kwickie/Flash Foods, Inc. v. Lakeside Petroleum, Inc., 256 Ga.App. 556, 568 S.E.2d 816, 818 (2002) (quotation marks omitted). That basic right generally entitles a defendant to “an opportunity to cross-examine [the plaintiff's] attorney on the amount and reasonableness of the fees and costs requested.” Id.

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