Goings v. State
| Decision Date | 26 January 2004 |
| Docket Number | No. A04A0251.,A04A0251. |
| Citation | 265 Ga. App. 296,593 S.E.2d 751 |
| Parties | GOINGS v. The STATE. |
| Court | Georgia Court of Appeals |
OPINION TEXT STARTS HERE
M. Francis Stubbs, Reidsville, for appellant.
Steven Askew, District Attorney, for appellee.
A Toombs County jury found Antonio Goings guilty of armed robbery, which charge arose from acts Goings committed on March 13, 2001, at the Flash Foods convenience store on the corner of First and Green Streets in Vidalia. Goings was acquitted of another armed robbery charged in Count 1 of the indictment, which act was allegedly committed on an earlier date at the same locale. Without challenging the sufficiency of the evidence against him, Goings appeals and claims reversal is required by ten instances of trial court error. Upon review of each error as enumerated, we disagree and affirm Goings' conviction.
1. In his first claim of error, Goings contends the trial court judge, who was presiding by designation, was unqualified to preside over a capital felony trial because such judge normally sits as a juvenile court judge and was, thus, inexperienced in criminal law. This contention is meritless.
Goings does not contend that the trial judge was not properly designated under OCGA § 15-1-9.1. Nor does he claim that the trial judge was not qualified under OCGA § 15-6-4. "[A]s it is not [claimed] that this trial judge did not meet the qualifications to serve as a superior court judge, [Goings'] challenge to the trial judge is without merit."1
Further, no objection was made at the time of trial to the judge's qualifications on the "experiential" basis now urged. And no evidence is in the record before us to support Goings' claim that this trial judge was inexperienced in criminal law. Certainly, such conclusion is not authorized simply because the judge's judicial office is normally that of a "juvenile court judge." Absent any factual basis for Goings' claim, we find no grounds for reversal because "this court will not consider factual representations made in a brief which are not supported by the record."2
2. In his next two claims of error, Goings contends (a) the trial court erred in imposing a mandatory sentence of life without parole, and (b) "the trial judge's use and application of the `two violent felony' statute as well as the statute itself is unconstitutional" as violative of the Eighth Amendment proscription against cruel and unusual punishment. (a) During the sentencing hearing, Goings' three prior felony convictions were introduced without objection, one of which was for armed robbery. Thereafter, Goings conceded that OCGA §§ 17-10-6.1(a)(2) and 17-10-7(b)(1) and (2) authorized the imposition of a mandatory sentence of life without parole in this case. Indeed, the record and the cited statutes support the validity of such concession. Accordingly, Goings' current contention that the trial court erred in imposing a sentence of life without parole is meritless. Moreover, "a party cannot complain of a judgment, ruling, or order that his own trial procedure, legal strategy, or conduct procured or aided in causing."3
(b) Goings' claim that the "two violent felony" statute, OCGA § 17-10-7(b)(2), violates the Eighth Amendment proscription against cruel and unusual punishment "is foreclosed by the Supreme Court of Georgia's decision in Ortiz v. State, 266 Ga. 752, 754(2)(a), 470 S.E.2d 874 (1996)."4
(c) Before this Court, Goings also argues that, under the language of OCGA § 17-10-6.1(b) designating the mandatory minimum sentence for commission of a serious violent felony, he should have been sentenced to ten years without parole; he claims that OCGA § 17-10-6.1, i.e., the Sentence Reform Act, was "intended by the legislature to supplement all prior sentencing provisions," including the "two violent felony" statute, OCGA § 17-10-7(b)(2), under which Goings was sentenced. We disagree.
Second, OCGA §§ 17-10-6.1 and 17-10-7(b)(2) are not in conflict so that one supplants the other, as Goings' argument appears to assert. OCGA § 17-10-6.1 addresses mandatory sentencing upon commission of a first serious violent felony, while OCGA § 17-10-7(b)(2) addresses mandatory sentencing upon commission of a second serious violent felony. Accordingly, Goings' argument is substantively without merit.
4. Goings raises a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel at trial based upon his attorney's failure to request a charge on robbery by intimidation. However, as discussed in Division 3, supra, a jury instruction on robbery by intimidation was not warranted under the facts of this case. Consequently, Goings' trial attorney was not ineffective for failing to request such charge. Because "[e]rror and prejudice must be shown in order to prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel,"7 the failure to request a meritless jury instruction cannot demonstrate ineffective assistance of counsel.8
5. We will not consider Goings' Enumeration of Error Nos. 6, 7, and 8 relating to the testimony of cab driver James Fishback. Fishback's testimony went solely to the identification of the perpetrator of the armed robbery charged in Count 1 of the indictment, an offense for which Goings was acquitted. 9
To the extent that Goings' claims of error also encompass a contention that the trial court made an improper expression of opinion as proscribed by OCGA § 17-8-57, our review of the complained-of comments shows them to be an explanation for the court's evidentiary ruling on the admissibility of Fishback's testimony.
It is well settled that remarks of a judge assigning a reason for his ruling are neither an expression of opinion nor a comment on the evidence. There is no indication in the record that the court expressed an opinion as to the guilt of the defendant.10
6. Next, Goings complains about the admission into evidence of the results of a polygraph examination demonstrating Goings' innocence in an unrelated home invasion offense. Goings, however, agreed to take the polygraph and did not object to its admission into evidence—perhaps because the results showed him to be truthful. Goings' only objection was to the characterization of the examiner/witness that Goings' was "not guilty" of the home invasion offense: Substitution of another phrase led to Goings' assertion that he was "satisfied" with the resolution, and no further objection was registered. "It is a well settled rule that a litigant cannot submit to the ruling of a trial court or otherwise acquiesce in the holding or response and then complain of the same on appeal."11
7. In his last enumeration of error, Goings claims error in the admission of his statement to the police about his commission of the armed robbery offenses. He argues that the Miranda warnings he was given applied only to questioning on the home invasion offense referred to in Division 6, supra, for which he was initially detained. Thus, he argues, his subsequent incriminating statement concerning the armed robbery offenses—which statement was made shortly after questioning on the home invasion ceased—was given without benefit of Miranda.
Notably, Goings does not claim that his statement was involuntary. He does not claim that he was not given the proper Miranda warnings. Nor does he claim that he did not validly waive the rights implicated in Miranda. Instead, Goings appears to contend that police are confined to questioning related to only one offense per Miranda warning, and Miranda warnings must be regiven whenever an officer intends to begin questioning on another, unrelated offense. Goings cites no case law in support of this novel proposition, and we know of none. We are aware, however, of a legal basis for reaching a contrary result.
This Court has never held that mere silence by law enforcement officials as to the subject matter of an interrogation is ... sufficient to invalidate a suspect's waiver of Miranda rights, and we expressly decline so to hold today. Once Miranda warnings are given, it is difficult to see how official silence could cause a suspect to misunderstand the nature of his constitutional right—his right to refuse to answer any question which might incriminate him. Indeed, it seems self-evident that one who is told he is free to refuse to answer questions is in a curious posture to later complain that his answers were compelled. We have held that a valid waiver does not require that an individual be informed of all information useful in making his decision or all information that might affect his decision to...
To continue reading
Request your trial
- Rudisail v. State
-
Breland v. State
...acquittal of the crimes against her renders any errors related to her identification "harmless, if not moot." Goings v. State, 265 Ga.App. 296, 299(5), 593 S.E.2d 751 (2004) (punctuation and footnote omitted). 12. 272 Ga. 254, 526 S.E.2d 549 (2000). 13. Id. at 257(1), 526 S.E.2d 549. 14. Id......
-
Philpot v. the State.
...counsel did not perform deficiently in failing to request it. Coleman, 286 Ga. at 298(6)(a), 687 S.E.2d 427. See Goings v. State, 265 Ga.App. 296, 299(4), 593 S.E.2d 751 (2004) (noting that “the failure to request a meritless jury instruction cannot demonstrate ineffective assistance of cou......
-
Baker v. State
...somehow be relevant to charge for which defendant was acquitted was moot; no argument regarding harm). See also Goings v. State, 265 Ga.App. 296, 299(5), 593 S.E.2d 751 (2004) (enumeration of error regarding testimony concerning one armed robbery was “harmless if not moot” where the defenda......