Gonzalez v. McNary

• Decision Date: 13 January 1993
• Docket Number: No. 91-5656,91-5656
• Citation: 980 F.2d 1418
• Parties: Maria GONZALEZ and Daniel Sirotsky, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. Gene McNARY and Richard Smith, Defendants-Appellees.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Eleventh Circuit

Page 1418

980 F.2d 1418

Maria GONZALEZ and Daniel Sirotsky, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. Gene McNARY and Richard Smith, Defendants-Appellees.

No. 91-5656.

United States Court of Appeals Eleventh Circuit.

Jan. 13, 1993.

Edgardo V. Caturla, Miami, Fla., for plaintiffs-appellants.

Dexter W. Lehtinen, U.S. Atty., Dexter A. Lee, Asst. U.S. Atty., Lisa T. Rubio, Miami, Fla., for defendants-appellees.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida.

Before TJOFLAT, Chief Circuit Judge; EDMONDSON, Circuit Judge; and MORGAN, Senior Circuit Judge.

MORGAN, Senior Circuit Judge:

Appellants Maria Gonzalez and Daniel Sirotsky filed applications for permanent residence in the United States pursuant to section 1 of the Cuban Refugee Adjustment Act of 1966 (hereinafter the Act). The district court upheld the denial of the applications on the ground that Appellants were statutorily ineligible for adjustment of status since they were no longer residing with Marino Gonzalez, the qualifying Cuban. We AFFIRM.

STATEMENT OF FACTS

Maria Gonzalez is a native and citizen of Peru. She entered the United States as a tourist in October of 1983 and has resided in the United States since that date. On December 12, 1983, Maria Gonzalez married the late Marino Gonzalez, a Cuban refugee. Daniel Sirotsky is the natural minor child of Maria Gonzalez and the stepchild of her late husband, Marino Gonzalez.

On April 29, 1985, Marino Gonzalez applied for lawful permanent residence pursuant to the Act. Shortly thereafter, Maria Gonzalez and Sirotsky filed their applications for permanent residence under the Act, based on their status as the spouse and stepchild of Marino Gonzalez. On June 9, 1986, Marino Gonzalez' application was approved, but Appellants' applications were not acted upon.

Marino Gonzalez passed away on May 14, 1988. On September 30, 1988, Richard Smith, District Director of the Florida District of the Immigration and Naturalization Services (INS), denied Appellants' applications. The sole basis for denial was that Appellants were no longer "residing with" Marino Gonzalez after his death. This denial was affirmed by Robert McNary as Commissioner of the INS.

On July 11, 1990, Maria Gonzalez and Sirotsky filed a complaint in the District Court of the Southern District of Florida seeking declaratory and injunctive relief against Smith and McNary. The complaint alleged that, as the wife and stepchild of a Cuban citizen who had been admitted for permanent residence under the Act, they were entitled to be admitted as permanent residents and that Appellees' denial of their applications was arbitrary and capricious and contrary to the specific language and purpose of the Act.

Appellees filed a motion to dismiss the complaint on the ground that Appellants were statutorily ineligible to adjust their status under the Act since they no longer resided with Marino Gonzalez. The district court dismissed Appellants' complaint under Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6) for failure to state a claim upon which relief could be granted. 765 F.Supp. 721.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

When reviewing the dismissal of a complaint under Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6), this Court must accept the allegations set forth in the complaint as true. The district court may dismiss a complaint only if it is clear that no relief could be granted under any set of facts that could be proved consistent with the allegations. Hishon v. King & Spalding, 467 U.S. 69, 73, 104 S.Ct. 2229, 2232, 81 L.Ed.2d 59 (1984); see also, Wright v. Newsome, 795 F.2d 964, 967 (11th Cir.1986) ("[W]e may not affirm unless it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of the claims in the complaint that would entitle him or her to relief."). However, the district court's disposition of Appellees' motion to dismiss involved its interpretation of section 1 of the Act. We review de novo questions of statutory interpretation. United States v. Fleet Factors Corp., 901 F.2d 1550, 1553 (11th Cir.1990).

DISCUSSION

Appellants characterize the denial of their applications as arbitrary and capricious and an abuse of discretion. The INS, under authority delegated by the Attorney General, clearly has discretion under the Act ¹ to adjust the status of the spouse and child of a Cuban alien who has been admitted for permanent residence. However, this discretion only extends to the spouse and child if they are statutorily eligible. The discretion of the INS does not vest until they become statutorily eligible.

Appellants challenge the district court's conclusion that they were statutorily ineligible for adjustment under the Act. The starting point in statutory construction must be the language of the statute itself. Consumer Product Safety Comm'n v. GTE Sylvania, Inc., 447 U.S. 102, 108, 100 S.Ct. 2051, 2056, 64 L.Ed.2d 766 (1980). "[T]he meaning of the statute must, in the first instance, be sought in the language in which the act is framed, and if that is plain ... the sole function of the courts is to enforce it according to its terms." Caminetti v. United States, 242 U.S. 470, 485, 37 S.Ct. 192, 194, 61 L.Ed. 442 (1917). Courts must assume that Congress intended the ordinary meaning of the words it used, and absent a clearly expressed legislative intent to the contrary, that language is generally dispositive. 447 U.S. at 108, 100 S.Ct. at 2056.

Appellants contend that the term "residing with such alien in the United States" is ambiguous. Appellants' applications for adjustment of status were based on Marino Gonzalez' status as a Cuban alien who had obtained permanent residence under the Act. The language of the Act declares that its provisions shall be applicable to the spouse and child who are "residing with " an alien who has been lawfully admitted for permanent residence. Appellants argue that the Act does not require actual physical residence with the qualifying Cuban resident. Instead, it only requires the spouse and child to reside within the United States, regardless of whether they are residing with the Cuban alien. This argument is rebutted by the plain language of the statute which clearly requires that the spouse and child reside with the Cuban alien and reside in the United States. We need not decide the exact meaning of the term "residing with" since Appellants clearly were not residing with Marino Gonzalez four months after his death, when their applications were denied.

Because the Act represents refugee legislation of a humanitarian nature, Appellants argue that it should be construed similarly with other, more general sections of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). see generally INA § 203, 8 U.S.C. 1153 (Supp.1992). A statute should be construed so that effect is given to all its provisions, so that no part of it will...