Goodwin Motor Corp. v. Mercedes-Benz of North America, Inc.

• Decision Date: 01 February 1980
• Docket Number: MERCEDES-BENZ
• Citation: 172 N.J.Super. 263,411 A.2d 1144
• Parties: GOODWIN MOTOR CORPORATION and Jonathan Collins, Inc., Plaintiffs-Appellants, and Independent Auto Systems Co., Inc., Applicant for Intervention-Appellant, v.OF NORTH AMERICA, INC., Defendant-Respondent.
• Court: New Jersey Superior Court — Appellate Division

Page 263

172 N.J.Super. 263

411 A.2d 1144

GOODWIN MOTOR CORPORATION and Jonathan Collins, Inc. Plaintiffs-Appellants and Independent Auto Systems Co., Inc., Applicant for Intervention-Appellant, v. MERCEDES-BENZ OF NORTH AMERICA, INC., Defendant-Respondent.

Superior Court of New Jersey, Appellate Division.

Argued Jan. 8, 1980.

Decided Feb. 1, 1980.

Peter R. Sarasohn, West Orange, for plaintiffs-appellants and applicant for intervention-appellant (Ravin & Kesselhaut, attorneys; Bernard Schenkler and Peter R. Sarasohn, West Orange, on the brief).

Wayne H. Samson, Montvale, for defendant-respondent (Allan G. Freund, Newark, attorney).

Before Judges MATTHEWS, ARD and POLOW.

The opinion of the court was delivered by

POLOW, J. A. D.

On behalf of all appellants, the law firm of Ravin & Kesselhaut sought and obtained leave to appeal interlocutory orders denying Independent Auto Systems Co., Inc. (IAS) the right to intervene as a plaintiff in this action and disqualifying Ravin & Kesselhaut from continuing to represent the original plaintiffs, Goodwin Motor Corp. (Goodwin) and Jonathan Collins, Inc. (JCI).

In June 1978 plaintiffs started suit in the Chancery Division to enjoin a threatened termination by defendant Mercedes-Benz of North America, Inc. (MBNA) of Goodwin's automobile dealership franchise which plaintiffs had been operating in Plainfield. At that time termination of plaintiff's franchise was temporarily restrained, and shortly thereafter the parties agreed to the continued operation of the dealership pending an audit of the financial condition of plaintiff corporations. An order reflecting their agreement in the form of a further stay was filed on July 11, 1978 and remained in effect until it was ordered vacated following a hearing on November 17, 1978. However, no formal written dissolution of the stay was filed until January 3, 1979, effective nunc pro tunc as of November 26, 1978.

On December 7, 1978, after the hearing on MBNA's motion to vacate the stay but before the order had been signed and filed, plaintiffs filed a petition for an arrangement under Chapter XI of the Bankruptcy Act. The bankruptcy court appointed a receiver and issued its own interim restraint against MBNA's effort to terminate the Goodwin franchise. On appeal to the United States District Court, the restraint was vacated based upon a ruling that the bankruptcy court had no jurisdiction over MBNA. ¹

On February 9, 1979 the law firm of Ravin & Kesselhaut was substituted as counsel for plaintiffs Goodwin and JCI. ² On the same date IAS applied to intervene as a plaintiff and sought to compel defendant to submit to discovery. Ravin & Kesselhaut also represented IAS on its application. At the hearing on the motion the propriety of Ravin & Kesselhaut's representation of IAS while continuing to represent plaintiffs Goodwin and JCI was raised by the judge on his own motion. On May 16, 1979, Judge Ackerman, relying on the clean hands doctrine, denied IAS's motion to intervene and, noting existence of a potential conflict of interests, ordered Ravin & Kesselhaut to withdraw as counsel for the original plaintiffs, Goodwin and JCI. Leave to appeal was granted on June 29, 1979.

The issues as framed by appellants are the following:

Point I The trial court's denial of intervention for the sole reason of "unclean hands" is reversible error

Point II IAS is entitled to intervene as of right

Point III The order of the trial court that Ravin & Kesselhaut must withdraw from representing the plaintiff as a conflict of interest is reversible error.

MBNA is the United States distributor of Mercedes-Benz automobiles. Goodwin, a Mercedes-Benz dealer since 1957, has been owned and operated by JCI since 1973. JCI, in turn, had been owned and controlled by Ronald Collins, at least until April 1978, when IAS became involved.

The most recent formal dealership agreement between Goodwin and MBNA expired December 31, 1977. By letter dated April 7, 1978 MBNA notified Goodwin of its intention not to renew the Plainfield Mercedes-Benz franchise because of Goodwin's failure to maintain financial standards in accordance with the terms of the dealership agreement between the parties. On April 12, 1978 IAS negotiated an agreement to purchase a controlling interest in Goodwin and JCI, subject to approval by MBNA, as required by N.J.S.A. 56:10-6. Under that agreement IAS obtained a proxy to vote 80% of Goodwin's stock and the right to assign its interest in the dealership to some other prospective franchisee.

On May 1, 1978 MBNA rejected IAS as a prospective franchisee because Peter Ubaldi, Jr., one of its principals, operated another corporation against which MBNA has been unable to satisfy a judgment on an outstanding obligation. By letter dated May 30, 1978 Ronald Collins assured MBNA that he would no longer entertain any proposal for transfer of the franchise to any group with which Ubaldi was involved. Collins' letter contained no mention of the April 12 agreement under which Ubaldi and his associates had the right to vote 80% of the Goodwin stock and under which the Ubaldi group had taken over operation of the Goodwin dealership.

Although other prospective transferees were submitted over the next several months, MBNA rejected all of them. During that time this action was instituted by Goodwin and JCI. The temporary restraint against termination of the franchise was issued by agreement until MBNA discovered that Ubaldi and his associates had taken control of Goodwin Motors, that they represented themselves as its owners and that they were conducting the day-to-day operations of the dealership.

In granting MBNA's motion to vacate the restraints, the Chancery Division judge noted that de facto control of the dealership had passed to Ubaldi and his associate, one Tackas. Tackas also had been determined unacceptable as a franchise operator by MBNA since he had a prior criminal record. In view of the specific rejection of both Ubaldi and Tackas as prospective transferees, the judge found that it would be inequitable and contrary to the spirit of the New Jersey Franchise Practices Act, N.J.S.A. 56:10-1 et seq., to compel MBNA to continue to deal with them. Thus, the stay was vacated.

Shortly after the restraints were vacated, plaintiffs filed their petition for reorganization. Affidavits filed with the bankruptcy court confirmed the existence of the 80% proxy vote held by IAS and the election of Ubaldi and Tackas as officers and directors of Goodwin as of April 17, 1978. The assertions made in the bankruptcy court were in direct conflict with representations made in the Chancery Division where Ubaldi claimed that he was merely operating Goodwin Motors in a custodial capacity. At the January 3, 1979 hearing for entry of an order reflecting the November oral decision vacating restraints, Judge Ackerman concluded that Ubaldi and Collins had deliberately misled the court by concealing the true nature of the relationship between IAS and Collins.

There is little doubt that the trial judge was deliberately deceived. ³ One of the hotly contested issues in the bankruptcy proceedings concerns conflicting claims of Ronald Collins and IAS for control of Goodwin and JCI. For a period of time during the spring and summer of 1978, Collins was disabled due to surgery for cancer. When he recovered in late summer or early fall of 1978, Ubaldi and Tackas as principals of IAS were operating the dealership. Collins demanded that control of the business be returned to him. At the bankruptcy hearing Ubaldi identified IAS as the "real party in interest" and testified that he refused to yield to Collins' demand.

I

In denying IAS's motion to intervene, the trial judge determined that IAS came before the court with unclean hands and was thereby disqualified from any right to relief in this action. IAS insists that the clean hands doctrine has no application to a motion to intervene. It argues, and we agree, that this maxim "does not repel all sinners from courts of equity, nor does it apply to every unconscientious act or inequitable conduct . . ." Neubeck v. Neubeck, 94 N.J.Eq. 167, 170, 119 A. 26, 27 (E. & A.1922); Kem Products Co. v. Levin, 117 N.J.Eq. 560, 563-564, 177 A. 77 (Ch. 1935). The clean hands doctrine must be applied with just discretion and courts may not exercise their equitable powers arbitrarily. Untermann v. Untermann, 19 N.J. 507, 518, 117 A.2d 599 (1955).

Nonetheless, a court of equity will deny its remedies to a suitor who has been guilty of bad faith, fraud or unconscionable acts in the transaction which forms the basis of the lawsuit. Id. at 517, 117 A.2d 599; Pendleton v. Gondolf, 85 N.J.Eq. 308, 313, 96 A. 47 (Ch.1915). If circumstances calling for its application are disclosed by the record, then a court of equity, being a court of conscience, is justified in refusing to listen even though the complaint be well founded. Prindiville v. Johnson & Higgins, 93 N.J.Eq. 425, 428, 116 A. 785 (E. & A.1922); Kem Products Co. v. Levin, supra, 117 N.J.Eq. at 563, 177 A. 77.

The Chancery Division judge based his denial of IAS's motion to intervene on the fact that IAS and its principals

. . . concealed from this court for months the alleged 80 per cent proxy control over JCI and Goodwin. I find that Mr. Ubaldi's statements regarding his presence at Goodwin in a "custodial capacity" were and are patently false, deliberately misleading, and bordering on the contumacious.

We are satisfied that the clean hands doctrine is applicable to a motion to intervene under such circumstances and that Judge Ackerman properly applied the equitable maxim in this case.

II

Although the Franchise Practices Act permits transfer of a franchise if the proposed transferee is not unacceptable to the franchisor for reasons relating to character, financial ability or business experience. N.J.S.A. 56:10-6, IAS does not assert that it has a right to be accepted as a...