Gootee v. Clevinger, 5D00-218.

Decision Date01 December 2000
Docket NumberNo. 5D00-218.,5D00-218.
Citation778 So.2d 1005
PartiesJohn GOOTEE, etc., Appellant, v. Sidney CLEVINGER, M.D., et al., Appellees.
CourtFlorida District Court of Appeals

Stephen J. Knox, of Morgan, Colling & Gilbert, P.A., Orlando, for Appellant. Jennings L. Hurt, III and Mary Gannon-McMurry, of Rissman, Weisberg, Barrett, Hurt, Donahue & McLain, P.A., Orlando, for Appellees.

GRIFFIN, J.

This is an appeal from a final judgment entered after a jury verdict in favor of the defendants below. Because the lower court erred in failing to excuse two jurors for cause, we reverse.

The appellant, John Gootee [ "Gootee"], as personal representative of the Estate of Leonie Gootee (his wife), was the plaintiff below in a wrongful death claim based on the alleged medical malpractice of the appellee, Sidney Clevinger, M.D. [ "Clevinger"]. The complaint alleged that Clevinger failed to diagnose and treat Leonie Gootee's heart disease after an electrocardiogram revealed an abnormality.

At trial, during voir dire, a potential juror, Davis, made the following statements:

DAVIS: My daughter's in-laws are patients of Dr. Clevinger's.
COURT: Your daughter's in-laws are. Okay. Do you know him socially?
DAVIS: His father was my mailman.
COURT: Okay. Anything else?
DAVIS: No.
COURT: Okay. So if you passed him on the street would you know him?
DAVIS: Yes.
COURT: You would say hello?
DAVIS: Well, yes, because he was in our building. We're Ocala Eye Surgeons on Magnolia. His office was upstairs and ours was down.
DAVIS: He's also the doctor for my daughter's in-laws and he's been very good to them in working with my daughter and her husband doing a lot to help them. So I really—I've got to be honest about this. I would try to be impartial but, in all fairness to both sides, I'm not sure that my sympathies wouldn't be with Dr. Clevinger even though I would not—you know, I would feel bad about it. I just wish I could say a hundred percent that I would be strictly impartial but I really can't say that.
KNOX: [Counsel for Gootee] You have a doubt about whether or not you could be fair to the parties in this case given your knowledge of Dr. Clevinger?
DAVIS: I hope I wouldn't but I'm not going to tell you that positively. I'm sure it's going to be an emotional thing. I mean it's very difficult in a case like this. Your sympathies go with both parties.
KNOX: But because of your relationship with Dr. Clevinger it would make it—
DAVIS: It would make it more difficult, definitely, yes.
KNOX: What you're saying is you have a concern about whether you could be fair knowing that relationship?
DAVIS: Yes.
HURT: [Counsel for Clevinger] You feel that you can be fair and equal to both sides, now that you've heard lawyers talking for this amount of time?
DAVIS: Since I am in the position that I am in, I would do everything I could to be fair to both sides.
HURT: I think that's—
COURT: What does that mean, everything you can to be fair? Could you be fair?
DAVIS: Yes, I would try to be fair.
COURT: Not try, can you be?
DAVIS: I hope I can. How can anybody tell you positively when we hear everything right now what we're going to be able to do?
HURT: Well, he's not asking you the result.
COURT: You're not telling us what you're going to do. You must be able to say I can be fair, not I'll try. I can tell you right now I'm going to be fair.
But you've got to be able to tell me the same thing.
DAVIS: Most people tell me I'm fair.
COURT: Well, what's your answer, then, to my question?
DAVIS: Yes, I can be fair whether I like it or not.
COURT: They start out at zero. How about in the back there? Nothing to nothing?
DAVIS: Nothing to nothing.
During voir dire, another potential juror, Primm, made the following statements:
PRIMM: Yes. I have no connection with Munroe but I do not care to be this emotionally involved in this type of decision.
KNOX: Okay. Tell me more about what you mean by that.
PRIMM: I guess I'm pretty sensitive. That's all.
KNOX: Okay. Well, do you think, given the sensitive type of personality that you have, that if you had to, you had to sit down and listen to the evidence in this case, do you think that you'd be able to make a decision?
PRIMM: I would be able to make a decision I expect but I may be emotionally sick over both sides of the issue.
KNOX: That's my next question. Do you think this concern, this emotionalism that you have would benefit one party versus the other?
PRIMM: It may benefit one party versus the other.
KNOX: Which party would that be? Would that be Dr. Clevinger? I mean some people feel like these type of cases are crazy and shouldn't be brought. I don't know what—when you say that, I don't know—so let me know.
PRIMM: Must I answer that question?
COURT: You can come up here if you'd like and just tell me up here.
PRIMM: Excuse me?
KNOX: You can come up here.
COURT: Do you want to come up here and tell us rather than tell everyone?
PRIMM: I would probably have a predilection toward the doctor.
COURT: Okay.
KNOX: Meaning you would tend to favor the doctor?
PRIMM: Yes.
KNOX: Okay. Well, that's the kind of discussion that we want to have here. We want everyone to be fair and candid and I thank you very much for letting us know that.
COURT: If any of you feel for one side or the other that you can't be—you can't start off even, then he needs to know that and the other attorneys need to know that. That's what all these questions amount to in the final analysis.
KNOX: So I guess another way to put it would be do you think you have a reasonable doubt about whether or not you could be fair in this case given your predilection for the doctor? Do you have a doubt about that?
PRIMM: My emotional health perhaps would suffer. That is all. Now, if you don't mind damaging my emotional health, that's okay with me.
KNOX: Well, let's say for a moment, since you're here in the courtroom and the prospects are that you may end up on this jury, you've asked me a question how will I do it. If you are asked by the judge based on all of the evidence in the case to evaluate those issues, that is, well, what is the loss of the companionship of his wife, what is the appropriate measure of damages for that, for pain and suffering for losing your wife, if you were asked to do that would you be able to?
PRIMM: I don't think I would be able to put a dollar amount on that.
KNOX: Even if the judge instructed you to do that?
PRIMM: I would have to have a lot more education and many more convictions about the worth of a human life.
KNOX: And those are probably not the kind of things we're going to be able to provide you with during the trial.
PRIMM: Yeah.
HURT: Mrs. Primm, I want to talk to you about that subject. You said a few things earlier and I took some notes. You indicated that this would be a difficult case for you to serve as a juror on and I don't know that that's a sentiment that's not shared by some of the others on here.
PRIMM: I have—
HURT: I'm sorry. Let me just kind of talk for a second and then you can tell me what you want. It's difficult dealing with wrongful death. I mean the fact you're going to have testimony from Mr. Gootee about his life experiences with his wife and the fact that she's no longer with him and, you know, you might very well feel emotional over that, as I might feel emotional. Dr. Clevinger, trust me, would feel emotional. That's just because you're a human being. We all are. But what the judge wants to know is whether you can be fair in analyzing the evidence in this case in reaching a decision. It isn't going to necessarily be easy to reach the decision but can you be fair in working toward making that decision along with the other jurors that are going to serve with you if you're one of the six. That's what we're trying to find out.
PRIMM: Since I made that remark at the very beginning I have been considering that everybody probably is going through exactly what I said was going to be my experience. I am no different than anyone else.
HURT: You're all fish out of water. I've done this so many times and you all come into the courtroom and you're a little bit weary of lawyers. You've got a judge there. You don't know— it's not your element. You don't know what to do and what to say and we all start asking you these incredibly personal questions and you don't know what to say and you're a little bit uncomfortable. But now that we've been doing it for a while hopefully you've become a little bit more comfortable with us and I think what you told us earlier this morning was an honest response but I don't know that that makes you not suitable to be a fair juror in this case. I think you'd be a very fair juror.
PRIMM: I told you the truth but I think my truth was representative of all those people here and, therefore, I am not any different or any better or any more sensitive than anybody else.
COURT: Ma'am, can you be fair to both sides?
PRIMM: Yes.
COURT: They start out the score nothing to nothing?
PRIMM: Yes.
COURT: They start out at zero.

During trial there were many references to another prominent local doctor, Dr. Elliott, who had been sued for malpractice in a case where the law firm representing Mr. Gootee had represented the plaintiff. Mr. Gootee's two expert witnesses, Kahn and Charash, both had testified against Dr. Elliott in that case. Plaintiff had moved in limine to prevent Dr. Clevinger's use of Dr. Elliott's name out of concern that it would prejudice the jury. The trial judge decided not to grant the motion and Dr. Elliot's name was repeatedly used during trial, often over Gootee's objection, but sometimes without objection. The jury returned a verdict in favor of Clevinger.

On appeal, Gootee argues that the trial court erred in refusing to strike Davis and Primm for cause. Gootee cites the portions of voir dire set forth above and claims that both jurors should have been removed for cause. Because they were not, Gootee had to use his peremptory...

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  • Busby v. State
    • United States
    • Florida Supreme Court
    • November 4, 2004
    ...fair verdict in order to reward a party for properly following the procedure to preserve the error." Gootee v. Clevinger, 778 So.2d 1005, 1013 (Fla. 5th DCA 2000) (Harris, J., dissenting). Importantly, neither Trotter nor the cases that it cites provide any state law basis for a per se reve......
  • Curry v. Sec'y, Fla. Dep't of Corr.
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    • U.S. District Court — Middle District of Florida
    • October 28, 2019
    ...jury being sworn in, the issue was deemed abandoned); Joiner v. State, 618 So. 2d 174, 1776 (Fla. 1993); but see Gootee v. Clevinger, 778 So. 2d 1005, 1009 (Fla. 5th DCA 2001) (finding on direct appeal that objection made in close proximity to the jury being sworn, but not immediately befor......
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    • June 3, 2005
    ...477 So.2d 553 (Fla.1985); Singer v. State, 109 So.2d 7 (Fla.1959); Trotter v. State, 576 So.2d 691 (Fla.1990); Gootee v. Clevinger, 778 So.2d 1005 (Fla. 5th DCA 2000); Longshore v. Fronrath Chevrolet, Inc., 527 So.2d 922 (Fla. 4th DCA 1988). 2. See Busby v. State, 894 So.2d 88 (Fla.2004); T......
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    • December 21, 2005
    ...v. State, 792 So.2d 611 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001); Couch v. Dunn Ave. Shell, Inc., 803 So.2d 803 (Fla. 1st DCA 2001); Gootee v. Clevinger, M.D., 778 So.2d 1005 (Fla. 5th DCA 2000); Johnson v. State, 763 So.2d 1214 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000); Milstein v. Mut. Sec. Life Ins. Co., 705 So.2d 639 (Fla. 3d DCA......
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3 books & journal articles
  • Preliminaries
    • United States
    • James Publishing Practical Law Books Trial Objections
    • May 5, 2022
    ...potential jurors should be resolved in favor of excusing the juror rather than leaving doubt as to impartiality. Gootee v. Clevinger , 778 So. 2d 1005, 1009 (Fla. 5th DCA 2000). A juror who indicated that she would probably have a predilection toward a physician in a wrongful death action b......
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    • Florida Bar Journal Vol. 82 No. 10, November 2008
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  • The Preservation of Error During Voir Dire.
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    • Florida Bar Journal Vol. 94 No. 6, November 2020
    • November 1, 2020
    ...peremptory challenges where the objection was clearly presented to the court moments before the jury was sworn); Gootee v. Clevinger, 778 So. 2d 1005, 1009 (Fla. 5th DCA 2000) (counsel not required to renew objection that it made three minutes before the jury was sworn; "It would have been ......

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