Gordon v. Schweiker

• Decision Date: 11 January 1984
• Docket Number: No. 83-1552,83-1552
• Citation: 725 F.2d 231
• Parties: , Unempl.Ins.Rep. CCH 15,029 Owen L. GORDON, Appellant, v. Richard S. SCHWEIKER, Secretary of Health and Human Services, Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Fourth Circuit

Page 231

725 F.2d 231

4 Soc.Sec.Rep.Ser. 25, Unempl.Ins.Rep. CCH 15,029

Owen L. GORDON, Appellant, v. Richard S. SCHWEIKER, Secretary of Health and Human Services, Appellee.

No. 83-1552.

United States Court of Appeals Fourth Circuit.

Argued Nov. 2, 1983.

Decided Jan. 11, 1984.

Rebecca J. Bosley, Fayetteville, N.C. (Central Carolina Legal Services, Inc. on brief), for appellant.

Jason R. Baron, Dept. of Health and Human Services, Washington, D.C. (Kenneth W. McAllister, U.S. Atty., Benjamin H. White, Jr., Asst. U.S. Atty., Greensboro, N.C., on brief), for appellee.

Before RUSSELL, MURNAGHAN and CHAPMAN, Circuit Judges.

MURNAGHAN, Circuit Judge:

Owen L. Gordon appeals from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina affirming the decision of the Secretary of Health and Human Services denying Gordon's application for social security disability and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits. Concluding that the Secretary's decision is deficient in several critical areas, we vacate the judgment and remand this case to the district court with instructions to remand it to the Secretary for proceedings consistent with this opinion.

I.

Gordon filed applications for social security disability and SSI benefits. His claims were denied initially and on reconsideration by the Social Security Administration. Gordon then requested a hearing before an administrative law judge (ALJ) which was held on June 4, 1981.

Owen L. Gordon testified that he was born on January 9, 1936. He completed less than nine years of school. From the time Gordon was sixteen until June, 1980, he worked for a number of employers as a surveyor and draftsman.

Gordon said he quit working because his legs hurt and he could not carry his transit, a sixty pound surveying instrument. Also, Gordon's vision had deteriorated because of cataracts. In fact, Gordon said he had been criticized by his superiors because he could no longer draft neatly.

Gordon claimed that he could only walk about 200 yards before leg pains forced him to stop.

Although many of the medical reports in the record indicate that Gordon is an alcoholic and a heavy smoker, Gordon testified that he does not drink. Gordon did admit to having smoked as many as three packs of cigarettes per day in the past. However, Gordon claimed he smoked only a half pack per day at the time of the ALJ's hearing.

Gordon was hospitalized in 1979 because of leg pains. He was hospitalized in 1980 for chest pains. The reports from the two hospital visits form the bulk of the medical evidence before the ALJ.

The medical reports confirm that Gordon has circulation problems in his legs. However, almost all of the doctors who examined Gordon found some pulses in his legs. The etiology of Gordon's chest pains was never discovered.

Gordon has cataracts over both eyes. The cataracts are the result of massive doses of cortisone administered to Gordon in the mid-1970s for dermatitis. Dr. Woody reported that Gordon's best corrected vision is 20/25 in the right eye and 20/200 in the left eye. When Gordon's pupils are constricted (i.e., when the light is bright), his corrected vision drops to 20/40 in the right eye and 20/400 in the left eye. Woody reported that a Dr. Parkerson recommended that Gordon have cataract surgery but Gordon declined. Parkerson's scanty report does not mention any recommendation whatsoever.

In a decision dated June 30, 1981, the ALJ rejected Gordon's claim that he was completely disabled. The ALJ found that none of Gordon's physical problems, singularly or in combination, met the criteria for any automatically disabling impairment listed in the Secretary's Regulations. See 20 C.F.R. part 404, subpart p, app. 1 (1983). The ALJ then found that Gordon was capable of sedentary work. Notwithstanding Gordon's eyesight difficulties, a non-exertional impairment, the ALJ then used the Secretary's Medical-Vocational Guidelines (grid) 20 C.F.R. part 404, subpart p, app. 2 (1983), to come to the conclusion that Gordon was not disabled within the meaning of the Social Security Act.

The Secretary's Appeals Council considered additional medical evidence, but concluded that the ALJ's decision was correct. The Secretary's decision became final on December 23, 1981, when the Appeals Council refused further to review the case.

Gordon timely appealed to the United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina. A magistrate reviewed the record and concluded that the Secretary's findings were supported by substantial evidence. The magistrate did not find fault with the Secretary's use of the Medical-Vocational Guidelines, even though Gordon's vision was impaired, on the ground that Gordon had refused to follow prescribed treatment. The district court affirmed the Secretary's decision. An appeal followed.

II.

The Secretary's disability regulations provide that the mere existence of certain diseases dictates a finding that a person is disabled within the meaning of the Social Security Act. See 20 C.F.R. Sec. 404.1525(a). These diseases (i.e., "listed impairments") are found in 20 C.F.R. part 404, app. 1 (1983). The regulations also provide that if a person's impairments do not exactly fit within the criteria for a listed impairment, the Secretary will determine whether the person's impairments are the medical equivalent of a listed impairment. 20 C.F.R. Sec. 404.1526 (1983).

Gordon claims that the Secretary erred when he refused to consider his circulatory problems the medical equivalent of "Arteriosclerosis obliterans or thrombo-angitis with intermittent claudication and absence of peripheral arterial pulsations in the femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis and tibial arteries...." 20 C.F.R. part 404, app. 1 Sec. 4.13(B) (1983). That string of jargon means a narrowing of arteries and restriction of blood flow to the legs. See Steadman's Medical Dictionary (5th ed. 1982). Only one doctor's report, that of Dr. Plank, satisfies the listed requirements of Sec. 4.13(B), which determines whether one has a disabling disease. All of the other reports found a pulse in at least one artery and some found pulses in more than one. Gordon argues that his cataracts, vision impairment, and unverified chest pain should make his condition medically equivalent to the foregoing listed impairment. They do not make his condition equivalent to the listed impairment, however; they are other disabilities. Gordon's medical equivalence argument appears to lack merit.

III.

When a person's disabilities do not fit into the criteria for a "listed disability" the Secretary must evaluate the claimant's disabilities and determine whether they are of such severity that he cannot engage in any substantial gainful work which exists in the national economy. 42 U.S.C. Sec. 423(d)(2)(A) (1983). See also Lewis v. Weinberger, 541 F.2d 417, 420 (4th Cir.1976). The Social Security Administration has promulgated detailed regulations that take into account a claimant's physical condition, age, education, and work experience to assist ALJs in determining whether a person is disabled. Medical-Vocational Guidelines (grid), part 404, subpart p, app. 2 (1983).

When an ALJ uses the grid, the most important finding that the ALJ must make is what kind of physical activity the claimant can sustain. The ALJ in this case found that Gordon was capable of sedentary work, ¹ plugged that finding into the grid, and arrived at the determination that Gordon was not disabled. Gordon challenges the ALJ's finding that he is capable of sedentary work.

The Social Security Act provides that the factual findings of the Secretary in cases such as this one are conclusive if supported by substantial evidence. 42 U.S.C. Sec. 405(g).

Gordon was examined by several doctors. Their reports indicate that his legs became fatigued and that he had circulatory difficulties. The Secretary relied on the testimony of a non-examining medical advisor, Dr. Bruce, to come to his conclusion that Gordon was capable of sedentary work. This Court has said that the testimony of a non-examining, non-treating physician should be discounted and is not substantial evidence when totally contradicted by other evidence in the record. Martin v. Secretary, 492 F.2d 905 (4th Cir.1974); accord Hall v. Harris, 658 F.2d 260, 266 (4th Cir.1981). However, we have also ruled that the testimony of a non-examining physician can be relied upon when it is consistent with the record. Kyle v. Cohen, 449 F.2d 489, 492 (4th Cir.1971). Furthermore, if the medical expert testimony from examining or treating physicians goes both ways, an ALJ's determination coming down on the side on which the non-examining, non-treating physician finds himself should stand. We cannot in the present case determine in which category the report falls because the ALJ failed to indicate the weight given to the medical evidence, some of which supported Dr. Bruce's testimony and some of which did not.

We cannot determine if findings are unsupported by substantial evidence unless the Secretary explicitly indicates the weight given to all of the relevant evidence. See, e.g., Myers v. Califano, 611 F.2d 980, 983 (4th Cir.1980); Stawls v. Califano, 596 F.2d 1209, 1213 (4th Cir.1979); Arnold v. Secretary, 567 F.2d 258, 259 (4th Cir.1977). As we said in Arnold:

The courts ... face a difficult task in applying the substantial evidence test when the Secretary has not considered all relevant evidence. Unless the Secretary has analyzed all evidence and has sufficiently explained the weight he has given to obviously probative exhibits, to say that his decision is supported by substantial evidence approaches an abdication of the court's "duty to scrutinize the record as a whole to determine whether the conclusions reached are rational."

567 F.2d at 259. Neither the ALJ nor the Appeals Council indicated the weight given to the various medical reports submitted by the appellant. We...