Government of Virgin Islands v. Parrott, 76-1688

• Citation: 551 F.2d 553
• Decision Date: 10 March 1977
• Docket Number: No. 76-1688,76-1688
• Parties: GOVERNMENT OF the VIRGIN ISLANDS v. Roy Sylvester PARROTT, Appellant.
• Court: United States Courts of Appeals. United States Court of Appeals (3rd Circuit)

Page 553

551 F.2d 553

GOVERNMENT OF the VIRGIN ISLANDS v. Roy Sylvester PARROTT, Appellant.

No. 76-1688.

United States Court of Appeals Third Circuit.

Argued Dec. 9, 1976.

Decided March 10, 1977.

Julio A. Brady, U. S. Atty., Ishmael A. Meyers, Asst. U. S. Atty., Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas, V.I., for appellee.

Alexander A. Farrelly, Birch, De Jongh & Farrelly, Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas, V.I., for appellant.

Before SEITZ, Chief Judge, and GIBBONS and HUNTER, Circuit Judges.

OPINION OF THE COURT

SEITZ, Chief Judge.

Defendant Roy Sylvester Parrott appeals his convictions of first-degree murder and of possession of an unlicensed firearm. 14 V.I.C. §§ 922(a)(1), 2253.

According to the evidence produced by the Government, defendant and decedent Webb met on January 7, 1976, at a basketball court in New Tutu, St. Thomas, to discuss a sale of drugs. After they had agreed to a price, defendant told Webb that he would be gone for a minute. Soon he came back with a paper bag, and asked Webb if he wanted to smoke some of the marijuana cigarettes he had in the bag. Webb said he would. Defendant then pulled a gun out of the bag and told Webb to hand over his wallet. Webb replied that he couldn't because it contained his driver's license and registration. He started to run away and defendant shot him.

Defendant was convicted after trial by jury, and was sentenced to life imprisonment on the murder charge and five years for possession of an unlicensed firearm, these sentences to be served concurrently. While he raises several allegations of error, ¹ only one of these merits discussion that he was denied his right to a fair trial because three petit jurors had, unknown to him, been on the jury in another recent case in which he was convicted of possession of an unlicensed firearm. The Government does not deny that there was overlap, but says that reversal is not warranted because defendant waived the right he asserts.

We conclude that, absent waiver, it violates the Sixth Amendment guarantee of an impartial jury to use a juror who sat in a previous case in which the same defendant was convicted of a similar offense, at least if the cases are proximate in time. See generally Mottram v. Murch, 458 F.2d 626 (1st Cir.), rev'd on other grounds, 409 U.S. 41, 93 S.Ct. 71, 34 L.Ed.2d 194 (1972) (where the court relied on due process); Leonard v. United States, 378 U.S. 544, 84 S.Ct. 1696, 12 L.Ed.2d 1028 (1964). A juror who has made up his mind that a defendant has committed an offense cannot be depended on to be sufficiently open-minded in another case involving similar charges when the trials are held near in time. In defendant's case the verdict on the earlier charge antedated the later verdict by only 22 days. Moreover, the charges are similar. This is clearly true with respect to the count of possession of an unlicensed firearm, which was the very offense of which Parrott was earlier convicted. It is also true with respect to the murder charge since a juror who has concluded that a person was guilty of possession of an unlicensed firearm may well be predisposed to believe that he will commit illicit violence. ²

Since the defendant had a constitutional right not to be tried before jurors who had sat on the previous panel, we come to the Government's contention that he may be said to have waived this right. This issue was never argued to the district court during proceedings of record. The Government, in contending that there was waiver, relies first on an affidavit from a Courtroom Deputy Clerk in the District of the Virgin Islands. The affidavit, which was evidently prepared for this appeal, states, in part:

3. . . . in connection with my duties I was directed by Chief Judge Almeric L. Christian sometime prior to March 29, 1976, to ask Attorney Alexander A. Farrelly whether he had any objection to having Mr. Roy Parrott, defendant in the above-captioned case, tried before the same jury panel from which his first jury was selected.

4. I was told by Attorney Farrelly that he had no objection.

5. During the trial at a discussion in chambers between Judge Christian and counsel for the Government and Appellant Parrott at which time I was present, Judge Christian advised Attorney Farrelly of the three jurors who had previously sat on Mr. Parrott's first trial. The judge then asked Mr. Farrelly again whether he objected and Mr. Farrelly said no.

The Government also points out that in its charge to the jury the district court said:

. . . this defendant is not on trial before you for any act or conduct not alleged in the information. This is particularly important in this...